Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • GE Class 3,4 - 5

    Uploaded by

    Malar mathi
    6 views31 pages
    This document discusses distance and angle measurements in geomatic engineering. It covers direct distance measurement techniques like pacing, odometry, and chaining using various instruments. It also discusses indirect distance measurement using optics and electromagnetics. Common errors in chaining like erroneous chain length, bad ranging, temperature effects, and sag are described. The document also briefly outlines angle measurement, setting out offsets and running lines in parallel, and corrections needed for slope, sag, alignment, and reducing distances to mean sea level.

    Original Description:

    Survey class 3,4,5

    Original Title

    GE Class 3,4_5

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document discusses distance and angle measurements in geomatic engineering. It covers direct distance measurement techniques like pacing, odometry, and chaining using various instruments. It also discusses indirect distance measurement using optics and electromagnetics. Common errors in chaining like erroneous chain length, bad ranging, temperature effects, and sag are described. The document also briefly outlines angle measurement, setting out offsets and running lines in parallel, and corrections needed for slope, sag, alignment, and reducing distances to mean sea level.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    6 views31 pages

    GE Class 3,4 - 5

    Uploaded by

    Malar mathi
    This document discusses distance and angle measurements in geomatic engineering. It covers direct distance measurement techniques like pacing, odometry, and chaining using various instruments. It also discusses indirect distance measurement using optics and electromagnetics. Common errors in chaining like erroneous chain length, bad ranging, temperature effects, and sag are described. The document also briefly outlines angle measurement, setting out offsets and running lines in parallel, and corrections needed for slope, sag, alignment, and reducing distances to mean sea level.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 31

    GEOMATICS

    ENGINEERING
    Aug 19, 2020
    CLASS 3

    UNIT - II GATE

    PREPARATION:2021

    Malarmathi divinya
    DISTANCE AND ANGLE
    MEASUREMENTS
    ★ Distance measurement
    ★ Angle measurement
    LINEAR MEASUREMENT
    Direct measurements

    Optic means

    Electromagnetic
    method
    DIRECT MEASUREMENT
    Distance between the two points are measured using any
    instruments directly on the ground.
    1 Pacing Passometer, Pedometer

    Measurement with
    2 odometer Odometer, Speedometer

    Measurement using chains


    3
    and tapes
    INSTRUMENT USED IN CHAINING
    ➔ Chain ➔Cloth and linen tape
    ➔ Tape
    ➔ Arrows
    ➔ Pegs ➔Metallic tape
    ➔ Plumb bob
    ➔ Plasterer’s laths➔and whites
    Steel tape
    ➔ Ranging Rod and Offset rod
    ➔Invar tape
    INSTRUMENT USED IN CHAINING
    ➔ Cross staff
    ➔ Optic square
    ➔ Prism square
    ➔ Site square
    RANGING ON FLAT SURFACE
    Direct ranging
    Indirect ranging
    RANGING ON FLAT SURFACE
    RANGING ON SLOPE
    Indirect method
    Direct method Difference inAngle
    Hypotenusallevel measured
    allowance
    SETTING OUT OFFSET
    SETTING OUT PARALLEL
    GEOMATICS
    ENGINEERING
    Aug 22, 2020
    CLASS 4

    UNIT - II GATE

    PREPARATION:2021

    Malarmathi divinya
    8903357284
    malarmathi.siwec@gmail.com
    SETTING OUT PARALLEL
    OBSTACLES IN CHAINING
    CHAIN SURVEYING
    ERRORS IN CHAIN AND TAPE
    ● Erroneous length of chain or tape
    ● Bad ranging
    ● Careless holding and marking
    ● Bad straightening
    ● Non horizontality
    ● Sag in chain
    ● Variation in temperature
    ● Variation in pull
    GEOMATICS
    ENGINEERING
    Aug 28, 2020
    CLASS 5

    UNIT - II GATE

    PREPARATION:2021

    Malarmathi divinya
    8903357284
    malarmathi.siwec@gmail.com
    CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
    CORRECTION ALIGNMENT
    REDUCTION TO MEAN SEA LEVEL
    NORMAL
    TENSION
    EMD
    ● Time measurement
    ● Phase measurement

    You might also like