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Streamflow

Streamflow

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Measurement of Discharge

Direct Method
1. Area Velocity Method
2. Dilution Method
3. Electromagnetic Method
4. Ultrasonic Method

Indirect Method
1. Hydraulic Structure
2. Slope Area Method

Measurement of Discharge: Direct Method

In direct method of measuring streamflow, two step procedure is followed:

1. Measurement of Stages
2. Measurement of Velocity

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Measurement of Discharge: Direct Method

Measurement of Discharge: Direct Method

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Measurement of Discharge: Direct Method

Measurement of Discharge: Area Velocity Method

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Measurement of Discharge: Area Velocity Method

Measurement of Discharge: Area Velocity Method

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Measurement of Discharge: Area Velocity Method

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Streamflow

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Streamflow

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Streamflow

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD
“The slope-area method is a technique for estimating the peak discharge of a flood after the
water has receded (Dalrymple and Benson, 1967). This type of discharge estimate is called
an “indirect measurement” because it relies on evidence left behind by the flood, such
as high-water marks (HWMs) on trees or buildings.”
“These indicators of flood stage are combined with measurements of the cross-sectional
geometry of the stream, estimates of channel roughness, and a mathematical model
that balances the total energy of the flow between cross sections.”
(Source: USGS)

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD
When it is not possible to make direct measurement especially during floods, slope-area
method is a most commonly used indirect method of measurement. In this method discharge is
computed on the basis of a uniform flow equation involving:
1. channel characteristics,
2. water surface profile and
3. a roughness coefficient.
The drop in water surface profile for a uniform reach of channel represents losses caused by
bed roughness.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Rqy8_ZOHZw

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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SLOPE-AREA METHOD

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