Implementation of LiDAR technology

to evaluate deformation field induced

by panel caving exploitation, Codelco
Chile El Teniente Division

Alejandro Espinosa Escobar

Geomecánica de Proyectos
División El Teniente
Introduction
Contents
 Introduction

 Geomechanics monitoring plan concepts

 Preliminary results and data processing

 Conclusions
Introduction
Scopes

The aim of this presentation is to show preliminary

results related to the implementation of LiDAR
technology for geomechanics monitoring in Dacita
Project at El Teniente mine.

The analysis involves a comparison between two

measurements, considering mining activity and ground
control information.
Introduction
El Teniente Mine
 Introduction
Dacita Project Overview

Dacita Project is located in the northern

zone of El Teniente.
Panel caving with post-cut undercutting is
used for its exploitation.

Ore Reserves: 48.2 Mton.

Ore Grade: 1.21 % Cu / 0.015 % Mo
Ore Type: 100% Primary
Production rate: 17,000 tpd
Estimated end of production: 2023
Introduction
Dacita Project Overview
N

Hw Fw

Stress Field induced Cavidades

by cavities around

TTE 4 SUR 2372 msnm

5 PILARES 2301 msnm 180 m.
P. SUPERIOR 2265 msnm

PILAR NORTE 2120 msnm RENO 2120 msnm DACITA 2120 msnm
Fw Hw
NNM 1880 msnm
Introduction
Contents
 Introduction

 Geomechanics monitoring plan concepts

 Preliminary results and data processing

 Conclusions
 Geomechanics monitoring
Concepts

Main objectives:
Progressive
 To identify changes, in deformation
increment
terms of induced stresses
and deformations, affecting

Deformation
excavations in the productive Change in
deformation
levels. No rates
variations
 To provide new field
information for numerical Anticipation

modeling calibration. Sensors Visual inspections – no instruments

(5 mm resolution) (5 cm resolution)
 To estimate zones affected
Time
by the mining advance.
Geomechanics monitoring
Concepts

Point distance 2 mm  25 points / cm2

~ 27 millions of points

Point distance 5 mm  4 points / cm2

~ 9 millions of points
Geomechanics monitoring
Concepts

Selection Criteria

~ 45% of base line

Selection based on
vulnerabilities analysis
(major geological
aspects, geometrical
singularities)

Base line 2nd measurement

2012 2013
Introduction
Contents
 Introduction

 Geomechanics monitoring plan concepts

 Preliminary results and data processing

 Conclusions
 Preliminary results
Existing comparison methods

B: Closest point with

A: Closest point distance LC2C C: Point to mesh distance LC2M
local height function LC2C_HF

∆+
D: Principle of the Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) E: M3C2 on complex topography

∆ +/- modified from Lague et al. 2013

 Preliminary results
Analysis considerations

Roof and shoulders

Bolt-Mesh-Shotcrete System

Induced changes
Differential analysis with all the
algorithms, considering installed
support and reinforcement
systems
Confinement
Production Wall System
Level Drift
Confinement
Wall System
Preliminary results
Sites with no damage
Preliminary results
Sites with no damage

C2C C2C_HF M3C2

Reducing calculation error

Preliminary results
Sites with no damage

Residual absolute distance (%)

Data amount
Absolute distance (m)
Preliminary results
Sites with evidence of damage
 Preliminary results
Sites with evidence of damage

Residual absolute distance (%)

Data amount

Absolute distance (m)

Two populations of data: Deformation and
the looseness of some shotcrete layer
Introduction
Contents
 Introduction

 Geomechanics monitoring plan concepts

 Preliminary results and data processing

 Conclusions
Conclusions

The results are promising in order to evaluate the performance of the mine
design during mine exploitation life time.

Major characteristics:
• Large scale deformation monitoring.

• Identifications of mining plan deviations.

• Processing large amount of data, building differential maps.

• Multiscale model to model cloud comparison (M3C2) fits well for

complex topographies, reducing calculation errors.