DKV20243 ENGINEERING

MATERIAL PREPARED BY:

ENGINEERED MATERIAL IN DAILY LIFE
NURUL AINUL MARDIAH BINTI
(POLYMER RAHAMAT (333471259021)
HDPE&CERAMIC)

MUHAMMAD HANIF BIN GILBERT (333471261653)

 PREPARED FOR:

MR.FADZIL NOOR BIN ROSE

 Introduction

Application of selected items

agenda Final Microstructure

Manufactured Processes

Summary
introduction
1.1 Polymer HDPE
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-
density (PEHD) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from
the monomer ethylene. It is sometimes called "alkaline" or
"polythene" when used for HDPE pipes. With a high
strength-to-density ratio, HDPE is used in the production
of plastic bottles and corrosion-resistant piping.

1.2 Ceramic
In our everyday life, we are surrounded by ceramics and
glass. The house where we live and the place where we
work may have been built, at least partially, with bricks,
mortar, cement, and concrete. Refractory bricks line the
fireplace. Ceramic tiles may decorate the floors of one or
more rooms, as well as walls and kitchen countertops.
Ceramic roof tiles are often used to insulate buildings, to
create a water barrier and allow for proper water drainage.
Common Uses for HDPE:
-Plastic bottles:
Most people are informally introduced to the durable plastic through
water bottles. HDPE is great for blow-moulding applications,
particularly food and beverage containers.
-Toys:
HDPE is UV resistant which helps keep the toys resistant to the ray’s Ceramic [Glass]
damaging and discolouring effects In many cases, float glasses are not processed as
-Chemical containers: single panes: Multiple glazing made from
With its chemical resistant properties, HDPE is great for laundry, several float glass panes is mostly used for
shampoo, conditioner, household cleaning products, motor oil, windows, doors and facades.
antifreeze and recycling bins. The strength of these bottles is
increased when they’ve been coloured or pigmented. Through special treatment, the flat glass can
also be processed into safety, laminated and
insulating glass (see the item "Float glass as
safety glass").

Application of Float glass panes surround us constantly,

whether we are aware of it or not: whether we

selected items
look through the windshield in the car, sunbathe
in the glazed veranda or admire fine porcelain in
a glass display case. Because the float glass
process can be used to produce mirror-flat glass
in an efficient manner that allows crystal-clear
 FLOAT GLASS:
Float glass is used for glazing wherever full
transparency is required in buildings. It is
used as a base material for safety glass,
reflective glass and self-cleaning glass,
among others. It can be used in precision
mechanics, especially where extreme surface
flatness is required. E.g., for visual displays.

HDPE:
The versatility of high-density
Final Microstructure
polyethylene (HDPE) makes it one
of the most used polymers for vast
applications ranging from food
packaging to human implants.
High-density Float glass, commonly known as flat glass, is
polyethylene, unlike made by floating molten glass on a bed of
polypropylene, cannot molten tin. The molten glass spreads onto the
withstand heat normally surface of the metal and produces a high quality,
and it need to required consistently level sheet of glass that is later cut
autoclaving conditions. into required sizes. This method gives the glass
uniform thickness and a very flat surface.
Manufactured Processes
HDPE PLASTICS
HDPE is made under controlled conditions by applying intense heat to petroleum. This process, also known
CRACKING as “cracking,” helps create ethylene gas. During its production, the gas molecules will attach to form
polymers, which then produce polyethylene.

The polyethylene will have a sludgy appearance, but after it’s put through a series of moulds,
MOULDS
it forms into granules.

CLEANING A circular razor cuts the excess plastic from the head of the air compressor, which then undergoes an acid
bath and a separate water bath to clean it of any remaining residue for the next use .
PROCESS

COOLING The end of the cooling HDPE, which by now has the consistency of putty, is stamped in the
PROCESS shape of the bottle’s mouth and screw top.

FINISHING When it’s cooled entirely, the mould splits in half to drop the plastic bottle into a hopper, where live
PROCESS workers clean it and buff off any edges or imperfections on the bottle
Manufactured Processes
CERAMIC [GLASS]
BATCHING The main components, comprising silica sand, calcium oxide, soda & magnesium are weighed and mixed
into batches to which recycled glass (cullet) is added. The use of ‘cullet’ reduces the consumption of energy.
PROCESS The materials are tested and stored for mixing later under computerized control.

MELTING The batched raw materials pass from a mixing silo to a five-chambered furnace where they
PROCESS become molten. Temperatures in the furnace reach up to 1600°C.

DRAWING THE The molten glass is then "floated" onto a bath of molten tin at a temperature of about 1000°C. It forms a
MOLTEN “ribbon” which is normally between 5 and 6 mm. By suitably drawing the glass through a complex process
involving top roll machines, ribbon thickness in the range of 1.9mm to 19mm can be achieved
PROCESS
On leaving the bath of molten tin, the glass – now at a temperature of 600°C – has cooled
COOLING
down sufficiently to pass to an annealing chamber called a lehr. The glass is now hard enough
PROCESS to pass over rollers

QUALITY After cooling, the glass undergoes rigorous quality checks. It is then cut into sheets of sizes varying up
to a maximum of 6000mm x 3660 mm which are, in turn, automatically stacked, stored and ready for
CHECK transport
summary
Ceramics and glass are beneficial in the kitchen
for cooking, storing, and serving food. The
finest tableware and cookware are made from
porcelain. Wineglasses, pitchers, and jars are
obtained from blown glass. Kitchenware based High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) is a
on Pyrex glass is ovenproof and used to cook thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum.
premium baked goods. As one of the most versatile plastic materials
around, HDPE plastic is used in a wide
variety of applications, including plastic
bottles, milk jugs, shampoo bottles, bleach
bottles, cutting boards, and piping.
 THANK YOU
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