Chemical Safety

Joe Nail

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Industrial Safety Lecture Three 11/22/22
Introduction
 What is a Chemical Hazard?

– Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness,

injury, or an emergency.

 Chemical Hazards
– Physical
– Health
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Industrial Safety Lecture Three 11/22/22
Chemical Hazards

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 Chemical Hazards
 Pyrophoric
 Flammable Chemicals
 Combustible Chemicals
 Oxidizers

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Industrial Safety Lecture Three 11/22/22
 OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to
protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in
the work setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard
Communication Standard requires that information and
training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees
who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical
“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,
including:

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Industrial Safety Lecture Three 11/22/22
 Purpose
 The purpose of the
standard is to make sure
that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
 That information
concerning their hazards is
communicated to
employers and employees
 Who is covered
 OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom)
standard applies to general industry,
shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring,
and construction employment and covers
chemical manufacturers, importers,
employers, and employees exposed to
chemical hazards.

Horizontal
HazCom Requirements
 The hazardous chemical inventory
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
 Labels, tags or signs
 The written Hazard Communication
program

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 Background
 The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
is based on a simple concept--that employees
have both a need and a right to know the
hazards and identities of the chemicals they
are exposed to when working
 Background
 They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse
effects from occurring
 The HCS is designed to provide employees
with the information they need

MSDS
 Employers
 Employers are required to provide information
to their employees about the hazardous
chemicals to which they are exposed using:
– A hazard communication program
– labels and other forms of warnings
– material safety data sheets (MSDS)
– information and training
 Warehouse and Retail Operations
 In work operations where employees only handle
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not
opened under normal conditions
 Employers must only do the following:
– Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not
defaced or removed
– Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
– Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS
 Warehouse and Retail Operations
 Provide employees with information and
training (no written program required) to the
extent necessary to protect them in the event
of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from
a sealed container
 Labeling Exemptions
 Other federal agencies control the labeling
requirements for the following substances:
– Pesticides
– Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
– Foods or food additives
– Distilled Spirits, tobacco
– Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
– Hazardous wastes
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
 Employers must develop a written program
that covers at least:
– Labels and other forms of warnings
– Material Safety Data Sheets
– Employee Information and Training
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
 Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
– A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
– The methods the employer will use to
inform employees of the hazards non-
routine tasks
– The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled
pipes
 Multi-Employer Workplaces
 If employees of other employers could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals the program
must include:
– Methods to provide contractor employees with on-
site access to MSDS for each chemical those
workers may be exposed to
– The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
– The employers chemical labeling system
 Consumer Products Exemption
 Any consumer product as defined in the
Consumer Product Safety Act where the
employer can show that:
– It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
– The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of
exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
consumers when used for the purpose intended
 Written Program Availability
 The employer must make the written program
available, upon request, to:
– Employees and their designated representatives

 Where work is carried out at more than one location,

the program may be kept at the main location
 Labels, Tags and Markings
 The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
tagged or marked with the following:
– Identity of the hazardous chemical
– Appropriate hazard warnings
 This above labeling information is required of the
manufacturer so the employer must ensure that
the original labels from the manufacturer are on all
containers and remain legible
 Container Labeling Exemption for
Portable Containers
 The employer is not required to label portable
containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which
are intended only for the immediate use by
the employee who performs the transfer
 The employer need not
affix new labels to comply
with the standard if
existing labels already covey
the required information
 New Hazard Information
 Manufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers
who become newly aware of
significant information
regarding chemical hazards
shall:
– Revise the labels for the
chemical within three months
– Revise the MSDS for the
chemical within three months
 MSDS kept in other forms
 MSDS may be kept in any form including
operating procedures
 It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individual
hazardous chemicals
 Employee Information and
Training
 Employers must provide employees
information and training on hazardous
chemicals in their work area:
– At the time of their initial assignment
– Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about
is introduced into their work area
 Training may cover categories of hazards
 Employee Information
 Employers must inform employees:
– Of the training requirements of this section
(1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);
– Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
– The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program
 Employee Training
 Employee training shall include at least:
– The means to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical in the work area
– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in
the work area
– Measures employees can take to protect
themselves
– Details of the employers specific program
Health Hazards
 Category A-Biological Agents
 Category B-Physical Agents
 Category C-Chemical Agents

 Chemical Agents-This Discussion

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 Chemical Health Effects
 Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.
 Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.
 Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.
 Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific
body organs and systems.
 Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or
damage fetus after conception.
 Carcinogens: Cause cancer.
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 Health Hazards
 Sensitizers
 Target-Organ Chemicals
 Reproductive Hazards
 Carcinogens

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Health Hazards
 Irritants
 Corrosives

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 Corrosive
 Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
body tissue
 Acids
 Caustics (or bases)

Caustics
Acids pH Scale (or bases)

1 7 14
 Hepatotoxins
 Chemicals which produce liver damage
 Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
 Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines
 Nephrotoxins
 Chemicals which produce
kidney damage
 Signs and Symptoms:
Edema
 Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
Neurotoxins
 Chemicals which produce
their primary toxic effects
on the nervous system
 Signs and Symptoms:
Narcosis, behavioral
changes, decreased
motor function
 Chemicals: Mercury,
carbon disulfide, lead
 Agents which act on the blood

 Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the
body tissues of oxygen
 Signs and Symptoms:
Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
 Chemicals: Carbon
monoxide, cyanides
 Agents which damage the lungs

 Chemicals which
damage pulmonary
tissue
 Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
 Chemicals: Asbestos,
silica
 Reproductive toxins
 Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
 Includes chromosomal
damage (mutations) and
damage to fetuses
(teratogenesis)
 Signs and Symptoms:
Birth defects, sterility
 Chemicals: Lead
 Cutaneous hazards
 Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body
 Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin,
rashes, irritation
 Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds
 Eye hazards
 Chemicals which affect the eye or visual
capacity
 Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal
damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation
 Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.
 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,
required information
 Identity of the chemical
 Physical and chemical
characteristics
 Physical hazards
 Chemical hazards
 Primary routes of entry
 PEL’s or other exposure limits
 Control measures
 Emergency procedures
 Whether the hazardous
chemical is listed in the
National Toxicology Program
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
 precautions for safe handling
and use
 Date of preparation
 Name, address and telephone
of the manufacturer
Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for
Information

Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)
Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;

Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits

Recommended %(optional)
Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics
Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate

(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL
UEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Section V - Reactivity Data
Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

Hazardous
Polymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI - Health Hazard Data
Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA

Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions
Section VIII - Control Measures
Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices
 Setting up a program
 The HCS covers both:
– Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
– Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and
cancer)
 Most chemicals used in the workplace have some
hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the
rule
 Setting up a program
 One difference between this rule and many
others adopted by OSHA is that this one is
performance-oriented
 That means that you have the flexibility to adapt
the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather
than having to follow specific, rigid requirements
 Setting up a program
 Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace
that are potentially hazardous
 The best way to prepare a comprehensive
list is to survey the workplace
 Identify chemicals in containers, including
pipes
 Establish purchasing procedures so that
MSDSs are being received before a
material is used in the workplace
 Identify hazardous
chemicals in the workplace.
 Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
 Determine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of them
 If any are missing, contact your supplier
and request one
 You should not allow employees to use
any chemicals for which you have not
received an MSDS
 Preparing and implementing a hazard
communication program

 All workplaces where employees are exposed to

hazardous chemicals must have a written plan

 The plan does not have to be lengthy or

complicated
 Employee training
 If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace,
then you may want to discuss each one
individually
 Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or
the chemicals change frequently, you will probably
want to train generally based on the hazard
categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive
materials, carcinogens)
 Documentation
 The rule does not require
employers to maintain records of
employee training, but many
employers choose to do so
Hazard
 This may help you monitor your Communication

own program to ensure that all

employees are appropriately
trained
Recognizing Chemical Health
Effects-What to Look for.
 Symptoms appear while you are at
work.
 Symptoms get worse during the work
week but go away when you are off.
 Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.

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Forms of Chemical Hazards
 Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,
Dusts, and Fumes.
 Exposure Routes

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Control of Chemical Hazards
and Exposures
 Engineering and Mechanical Controls
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Administrative and Procedural Controls

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Chemical Spill Response
 Requires Special Training

 What can I do?

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 Chemical Spill Response
CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard
(HAZWOPER)

 Option #1-Evacuate employees and call

in professional emergency response
personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)

 Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR

1010.120

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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

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 Emergency Response Plan
(ERP)

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First Aid for Chemical Exposure
 Ingestion
 Inhalation
 Skin Contact
 Eye Contact
 Burns

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 Review
 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when
contacted by air?
 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in
other materials?
 4. What is a health hazard?
 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?
 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called
____________.
 7. What is a carcinogen?
 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards.
 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?
 11.What is an MSDS?
 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

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