IMPACTS

OF
OVERFISHI
NG
What is Overfishing?
 Overfishing is catching way too many fish
at one time. This depletes the populations
so much that the breeding population left
cannot reproduce enough fish to maintain
the fish population. Also, overfishing
tends to be wasteful.  
 Causes of Overfishing
 Unreported fishing
 Lack of knowledge regarding fish populations and quotas
in a universal standard.
 In international waters, there are little to no rules
regarding fishing practices.
 Lack of oversight related to their fishing industry.
 Effects of Overfishing
 Removal of Essential Predators
 Poor Coral Reef Health
 Growth of Algae
 The Threat to Local Food Sources
 Financial Losses
 An Utter Imbalance of the Marine Ecosystems
 Rise of the Endangered Species
 Solutions to Overfishing
Working With Governments
Helping Developing Countries
More Protected Marine Areas
Creation of More Protected Areas
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
 IMPACTS
OF MINING
What is Mining?
 Mining is the extraction
or removal of minerals
or material that is
considered to be
valuable and useful.
 Surface or Strip Mining
 Surface mining is the process of removing the
soil and rocks to remove the mineral or ore.
Surface mining is often used when there is
very little ore in the rock and a lot of rock
needs to be processed to obtain the ore.  
Surface or Strip Mining
 Types of Surface or Strip Mining
 Open Pit mining
- Open pit mining is used when you have to dig deeper for the ore.
 Mountain top removal
- It is a type of strip mining that removes the top of a mountain
and pushes the waste into surrounding valleys. 
 Placer Mining
- When minerals accumulate in riverbed deposits, mining uses
running water to separate the denser mineral resource from
the lighter silts, sands, and gravels.
 Types of Surface or Strip Mining
 Open Pit mining
- Open pit mining is used when you have to dig deeper for the ore.
 Mountain top removal
- It is a type of strip mining that removes the top of a mountain
and pushes the waste into surrounding valleys. 
 Placer Mining
- When minerals accumulate in riverbed deposits, mining uses
running water to separate the denser mineral resource from
the lighter silts, sands, and gravels.
 Types of Surface or Strip Mining
 Open Pit mining
- Open pit mining is used when you have to dig deeper for the ore.
 Mountain top removal
- It is a type of strip mining that removes the top of a mountain
and pushes the waste into surrounding valleys. 
 Placer Mining
- When minerals accumulate in riverbed deposits, mining uses
running water to separate the denser mineral resource from
the lighter silts, sands, and gravels.
 Subsurface Mining
 Subsurface mining involves tunneling through the Earth,
following concentrated pockets or seems of the desired
resource.

 Subsurface mines also lead to acid mine drainage from the

mines as well as the tailing piles.
 Causes of Mining
 Population Growth
 Single Source of Income
 Advancements in Technology
 Importance for Industrial Processes
 Lack of substitutability
 Effects of Mining
 Biodiversity Loss
 Erosion
 Water Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Soil Pollution
 Deforestation
 Global Warming
 Destruction of Vegetation Cover
 Fatalities to human
 Solutions to Mining
Government Regulations
Reduce consumption
Reuse and Recycle
Nature reserves
Education
 Mining Reclamation
 Mine reclamation is the restoration of formerly mined sites to conditions
similar to those present before mining began.

 Reclamation requires removal of all buildings and structures, filling in mine shafts,
removing tailings piles, replacing overburden, restoring the original contours of the
land, and replanting with native vegetation.
Mining Reclamation
 IMPACTS
OF
URBANIZA
TION
What is Urbanization?
 Urbanization is an increase
in the number of people living
in cities and towns. With
more people in cities and
towns, there are changes in
the land use and economic
development in the area. 
 Causes of Urbanization
 Industrialization
 Commercialization
 Social Benefits and Services
 Employment Opportunities
 Rural-urban Transformation
 Effects of Urbanization
POSITIVE EFFECTS NEGATIVE EFFECTS

 Creation of Employment  Housing Problems

Opportunities
 Improves transportation and
communication
 Quality educational and
medical facilities
 Improved standard living
 Overcrowding
 Unemployment
 Development of Slums
 Water and Sanitation
Problems
 Traffic Congestion
 Solutions to Urbanization
  Building Sustainable and
Environmentally-friendly Cities
Provision of Essential Services
Creation of More Jobs
Population Control
ECOLOGIC
AL
FOOTPRIN
TS
What is Ecological Footprints?
 The ecological
footprint measures
how much natural
resources you use
every day.
What is Ecological Footprints?
 The ecological
footprint measures
our consumption
in acres or
hectares.
 Ecological Footprints

 The average Canadian has an ecological footprint of 7.25

hectares.

 The average Albertan has a footprint of 9.0 hectares per

person.
Ecological Footprints
Why do other countries have a smaller
footprint?
 Because they use manure as an
energy source
 Walk or bike
 Do not consume a lot
 Reuse a lot of what they have
How to reduce your ecological footprint?

 Drive less
 Buy locally
 Buy what you need
 Trade items
 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
 INTRO TO
SUSTAINABI
LITY
What is Sustainability?
 Sustainability is
meeting the needs of
the present generation
without compromising
the ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs.
 Types of Sustainability

 Social Sustainability - Social sustainability includes

aspects such as satisfaction of basic needs (livability),
equal opportunities, human rights, labor rights, social
responsibility, community development.
 Types of Sustainability

 Environmental Sustainability - Environmental

sustainability is the rates of renewable resource harvest,
pollution creation, and non-renewable resource
depletion that can be continued indefinitely.
 Types of Sustainability

 Economic Sustainability - Economic sustainability

refers to practices that support long-term economic
growth without negatively impacting the social,
environmental, and cultural aspects of the community.
 Why is sustainability
important?
 We have a finite amount of space, our
resources have their limits and our
technology has its limit.
 Sustainability Tips
 Go zero waste
 Buy only what you need
 Wash and reuse plastic bags
 Use rechargeable batteries
 Do recycling
 Conserve energy and water