Analysis on

Research
Expenditure
and Output.
About
⬢ Analysed the research trends in a few countries coming under different
categories in terms of development which includes USA, Japan, China,
India, Brazil,Saudi Arabia and Africa.
⬢ Interview with individuals from various echelons, ranging from
undergraduates to associate professors, where they addressed questions
about funding in science and suggestions to improve research.
⬢ Report : Research output, funding sources, and R&D expenditure to GDP
of the above nations were examined and compared to India.

2
Objective
⬢ Is India’s on the right tract in its R&D expenditure?
⬢ Contribution of research to a nation’s economic growth
welfare.
⬢ To compare India’s R&D expenditure and research output
with different countries .
⬢ We seek to bring attention to the R&D funding system and
eminent funding policies and programs implemented by
different countries and the effect of R&D expenditure on
research.
3
How did we choose these countries?

china
USA Japan

India
Saudi Arabia

Africa
Brazil

4
● The United States leads the world's nations in R&D performance with a 28% global share.Currently the average
GDP expenditure on scientific research of world is 2.63 but the USA earns it as 3.45, far better than any other
country.

● Japan is one of the leading countries in the field of research and development (R&D) of science and technology.
Japan has kept a comparatively high level of science and technology indicators such as R&D expenditures, number
of researchers, and paper publications for decades.

● China, the most populous country with the second highest GDP in the world, contributed 18.56% to the world's
GDP.It can be seen that the rate of Chinese quality and quantity of research output outpaces that of India.

● Saudi Arabia has suddenly emerged as one of the most critical participants in Middle Eastern scientific research.
This is the consequence of the government's ambitious aim to transition the country from an oil-based economy to a
knowledge-based economy.
● Africa being the largest continent and home to 1.26 billion people
contributes just 2 percent of world research output, accounts for only 1.3 percent of research spending, and
produces 0.1 percent of all patents. 5
6
Graphs and analysis

7
8
9
Comparison of Research Outputs

10
Conclusion

11
● Flexibility of Research to economic development was as substantial as of
innovation demonstrating same commitment to financial development

● R&D Highly contribute to GDP of a country

● Each country contributes to R&D in their own way

● Some spend less; some spend more

● Ultimately, Every nation aims for economic prosperity

12
● Most of the developed countries spent, more than 2% of their GDP on R&D.
Among the developing nations, Brazil and China spent 1.3% and 2.1% of GDP
on their R&D while India spent 0.7% of its GDP on R&D.

● India’s volume of scientific publications remained far ahead of many

developed and developing countries, including BRICS, except China.

● During the last decade, the R&D expenditure to world GDP ratio has
remained the same for developed countries while it has nearly doubled for
developing countries.

● Apart all of this, India is still lagging behind other countries

13
● Literally India is on the right track but at slow pace due to Lack of
adequate and efficient funding in research

● delayed clerical works, extended paperworks creates tedious time

dawdle.

● Lack of international collaborations

14
Measures India could Adopt :

○ Efficient policies,schemes to increase funding should be

introduced
○ Implemented ones should be properly promoted
○ More international collaborations
○ Research oriented schooling

15
Challenges we faced

● Accessing information from official website of different

countries were limited .
● Getting appointments for interviews was tedious due to the
tight schedules of the researchers.
● Since this topic is sensitive in some aspects , many
researches were hesitant on revealing the reality.

16
SPECIAL THANKS
⬢ Dr. Harilal Madhavan
⬢ Dr. Ginny Antony (Assistant Professor , Dept of plant science ,
Central University of Kerala)
⬢ Dr. Premlal P D (Associate Professor ,Department of
electronics ,NSS College )
⬢ Dr. Gopikrishnan Muraleedharan (postdoctoral research associate,
Los Alamos National Laboratory)
⬢ Senin Ahammed (undergraduate IISC Bangalore)
⬢ Ujjwal Krishna (PhD)
17
Our Team

⬢ ADITHYAN C B ⬢ MATHEW VINCENT

⬢ ALEENA JOSHY ⬢ NANDITHA RAJEEV
⬢ AROMA KURIAN ⬢ PARVATHY ANIL
⬢ ATHUL RAM R ⬢ RIYA ROSE ROY
⬢ DHARUN J ⬢ SHADA ABDULLA
⬢ G S SHRUTHEKA ⬢ SREELAKSHMI KISHOR
⬢ JUSTIN PRASAD ⬢ VISWESHWARAN R

18
THANKS!

19