Mayer’s 12 Principles of

Multimedia
 The Coherence Principle
People learn best when extraneous, distracting material is not included.
 The Signaling Principle
People learn best when they are shown exactly what to pay attention to on the screen.
 The Redundancy Principle
People learn best with narration and graphics, as opposed to narration, graphics, and text.
The Spatial Contiguity Principle
People learn best when relevant text and visuals are physically close together.
The Spatial Contiguity Principle
The Temporal
People learn best when corresponding words and visuals are
Contiguity presented together, instead of in consecutive order.
Principle
 The Segmenting Principle
People learn best when information is presented in segments, rather than one long continuous stream
The Pre-Training Principle
People learn more efficiently if they already know some of the basics.
 The Modality Principle
People learn best from visuals and spoken words than from visuals and printed words.
The Modality Principle
The Modality Principle
The Multimedia Principle
People learn best from words and pictures than just words alone.
 The Personalization Principle
People learn best from a more informal, conversational voice than an overly formal voice.
 The Voice Principle
People learn best from a human voice than a computer voice. 
 The Image Principle
People do not necessarily learn better from a talking head video.