BJT Biasing

Dasar Elektronika Istas Pratomo Manalu

DIII Teknologi Komputer
Fakultas Vokasi
Institut Teknologi Del
Emitter Bias
• Digital circuits are the type of circuits used in computers
• In this area, base bias and circuits derived from base bias are useful.
• But when it comes to amplifiers, we need circuits whose Q points are
immune to changes in current gain.
Emitter Bias
• the resistor has been moved from the
base circuit to the emitter circuit.
• That one change makes all the
difference in the world.
• The Q point of this new circuit is now
rock-solid.
• When the current gain changes from
50 to 150, the Q point shows almost
no movement along the load line.
• The base supply voltage is now applied directly to the base
• Therefore, a troubleshooter will read VBB between the base and
ground.
• The emitter is no longer grounded
 Finding the Q Point
• The voltage between the emitter and ground is called
the emitter voltage

• This voltage is across the emitter resistance, so we can

use Ohm’s law to fi nd the emitter current:

This means that the collector current is 1.95 mA to a close approximation

collector supply voltage

collector-emitter voltage

So, the emitter-biased circuit of Fig. 7-2 has a Q point with these coordinates: Ic 5 1.95 mA and V CE
5 8.8 V.
Circuit Is Immune to Changes in Current
Gain
• Here is why emitter bias excels
• The Q point of an emitter-biased circuit is immune to changes in
current gain
• Here are the steps we used earlier:
• Get the emitter voltage
• Calculate the emitter current.
• Find the collector voltage
• Subtract the emitter from the collector voltage to get VCE
By moving the resistor from the base to the emitter circuit, we force the
base-to-ground voltage to equal the base supply voltage.
Voltage-Divider Bias
• Notice that the base circuit contains a voltage divider (R1 and R2).
• Because of this, the circuit is called voltage-divider bias (VDB).

the output of the voltage divider is

Here is a summary of the equations you can use to analyse VDB:
VDB Load Line and Q Point
• It has a collector current of 1.1 mA and a collector-emitter voltage of 4.94 V
• These values are plotted to get the Q point
• Since voltage-divider bias is derived from emitter bias, the Q point is
virtually immune to changes in current gain
• One way to move the Q point in Fig. 7-16 is by varying the emitter resistor.
• For instance, if the emitter resistance is changed to 2.2 kOhm, the collector
current decreases to:

• The voltages change as follows:

• Therefore, the new Q point will be QL and will have coordinates of 0.5
mA and 7.1 V.