Module-2

Dr. Ramesh B T
Asssitant Professor
Dept of Robotic and Automation
SIT-PUNE
Types of Beams
Types of Loading
 Shear Force
If the right side of the shear force application on the beam is tending to
move upwards, the shear force is considered positive. Otherwise, it is
considered negative.

Shear force is defined as the

algebraic sum of all the forces acting
on either side of the section.

Bending Moment
As you see above, there are two situations of bending on beams. At the left
side, the beam is bent from concave to upward. In this situation, the bending
moment is positive. Otherwise which is like the left, bending moment is
considered as negative.
Bending moment is defined as the
algebraic sum of all the moment of
the forces acting on either side of the
section.
Relationship between load, shear force and bending moment
Rate of change of bending moment is shear force.
From the above we can conclude two important observations.

If we have bending moment diagram then just by differentiating the shear at each
point w.r.t. distance gives shear force
If we have shear force diagram then by integrating it w.r.t. distance gives difference
of bending moments between the two points.
1. If there is a point load at a section on the beam, then the Shear force
suddenly changes( Vertical line). But the bending moment remains the
same.
2. If there is no load between 2 points, then the shear force does not change
(horizontal line). But bending moment changes linearly.
3. If there is a uniformly distributed load between 2 points, then the shear
force changes linearly, but bending moment changes according to the
parabolic.
4. If there is a uniformly varying load between 2 points, then shear force
changes according to the parabolic, but bending moment changes
according to the cubic.
Steps in Calculating shear force and bending moment

Step 1: Compute the reaction forces and moments at

equilibrium condition
Let the sum of moments about a reaction point equal to
ZERO (ΣM = 0).
Let the sum of vertical forces equal to 0 (ΣFy = 0)

Step 2: Break beam into segments

Step 3: Compute shear forces and moments - first piece,
second…
Step 4: Plot bending moment and shear force diagrams
 Problems
on
SFD & BMD