GROUPS INVOLVED IN AN

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 TWO GROUPS INVOLVED IN AN
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
-treatment or influence is applied

CONTROL GROUP
-does not receive any treatment or manipulation
HOW TO CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH?

PRE-TEST TREATMENT POST-TEST

WHAT IS CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH?

Correlational Research is a type of non-

experimental research in which the researcher
measures the two variables and investigates the
statistical relationship between them. Statistical
patterns between two variables that result from
correlational research are ever-changing.
Correlational results change depending upon to
the setting of the study.
TYPES OF CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

POSITIVE CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

-dependent and independent variable move in the same direction

NEGATIVE CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

-dependent and independent variable move in the opposite direction

EXAMPLES OF CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
 Research Title: Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
Qualities of School Principals
“If the extent of emotional intelligence of school
principals increases, then the extent of their leadership
qualities also increases. In layman’s language, the better
the emotional intelligence of school heads, the better
their leadership qualities are.”
EXAMPLES OF CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
 Research Title: Effect of Online Games on
Students’ Study Habits
“The higher the level of students’ addiction to
online games, the lesser the level of their study
habits.”
EXAMPLES OF CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
 Research Title: Impact of School-Based
Mentoring Program on the Performance of
Teachers
“If there is a better implementation of school-
based mentoring program, then there is a big
opportunity for the teachers to improve their
teaching performance.”
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLES AND
THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
1. Practical Work Approach Using Supplemental Learning Materials for Effective
Teaching in Statistics and Probability
Independent variables – Experimental Group (Practical Work Approach)
Control Group (Traditional Approach)
Dependent variable – Academic Achievement (Pre-Test & Post-Test)
2. Use of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring in Teaching Gas Laws: Its Effect on Problem-
Solving Performance and Attitudes of Grade 10 Students in Chemistry
Independent variables – Experimental Group (Reciprocal Peer Tutoring)
Control Group (Traditional Approach)
Dependent variables – Problem-Solving Performance and Attitudes
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH TITLES AND
THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
3. Use of Visual Representation and Peer-Assisted Approach in Developing
Students’ Mental Models in Solving Physics Problems
Independent variables – Experimental Group (Visual Representation and Peer-
Assisted Approach)
Control Group (Traditional Approach)
Dependent variable – Problem-Solving Performance
4. Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction in the Learning Performance of Students
Independent variables – Experimental Group (Computer-Assisted Instruction)
Control Group (Traditional Approach)
Dependent variable – Learning Performance
EXAMPLES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH TITLES (CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCHES) AND THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
 Extracurricular Activities and Self-Efficacy of Senior High School
Students
Independent variable – Extracurricular Activities
Dependent variable – Self-Efficacy
 Emotional Intelligence, Social Competence and Transformational
Leadership Qualities of School Heads
Independent variables – Emotional Intelligence and Social
Competence
Dependent variable – Transformational Leadership Qualities
EXAMPLES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH TITLES (CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCHES) AND THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
 Financial Literacy, Spending Practices and Teaching Performance of Public
High School Teachers
Independent variable – Financial Literacy
Dependent variables – Spending Practices and Teaching Performance
Intervening Variables – Age, Gender, Number of Dependents, Educational
Attainment, Monthly Gross Income and Monthly Take Home Pay
 Utilization of Financial Resources and Development of School Facilities and
Services for Students and Teachers
Independent variable – Utilization of Financial Resources
Dependent variables – Development of School Facilities and Services
EXAMPLES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH TITLES (CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCHES) AND THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
 The Impact of Student Absenteeism on Academic
Performance
Dependent Variable-
Independent Variable-
 Students’ Exposures to Social Media and their
Academic Performance in Araling Panlipunan
Dependent Variable-
Independent Variable-
EXAMPLES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH TITLES (CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCHES) AND THE VARIABLES INVOLVED
 Organizational Commitment and Productivity of Teachers of
Esperanza National High School
Dependent Variable-
Independent Variable-
 Use of Social Networking Sites and Study Habits of
Students in English
Dependent Variable-
Independent Variable-
ACTIVITY #2. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT
AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
 Teachers’ Productivity and Students’ Performance in Academic Contests
 Perceived External Prestige (PEP) of Esperanza National High School and
Teachers’ Organizational Commitment
 Business Strategies and Growth of Hair Salon Enterprises in Esperanza,
Sultan Kudarat
 Work-Related Attitudes and Job Performance of the Employees of
Business Enterprises in Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat
 Use of Supplemental Learning Materials in Improving the Academic
Achievement of Students in Pre-calculus
 Effect of Organic Fertilizer in the Growth of Eggplants