Climate Change and Food

Security Status in Uganda

Faluku Mwondha
Steven Senabulya
Veronica Nakiwolo
Presentation-Coursework
Kyungpook National University, Korea

Climate Change and Food production

FSAD728001
Uganda
• Located in Africa (Eastern Africa), land locked country
• Capital city Kampala
• The population is estimated 49.4 million (World meter, 2022)
• 54% of population are below 30 years. Birth rate is 4.7 woman
• Life expectancy at birth is 64 years female 66 and 61.3 male
• Median age 16.1 years
Population in rural 83.6 % of the total population
Land Area 241,555km2
18 % is open inland waters and wetlands
37.8 % is arable land
GDP 40 billion USD (2021)
GDP per capita 858 USD (2021)
Government Budget 48.1 billion USD (FY2022/23)

Agricultural Budget 10 % of the total government budget

Source: FAO, World Bank
Statistics of food production
Selected indicators Report year (2013)
Cultivable area 119,812 km2
Per capita cultivated land (ha) 0.25 ha
Area equipped for irrigation (ha) 14 000 ha
Agricultural labor force (%) 73.0 % of the population
Top 3 commodities Production quantity Plantains, Cassava and Sugar cane
Import quantityAgriculture contribute
Wheat, Palmtooil
32% ofRice
and GDP
Predominantly subsistence
Export quantity Coffee, Cotton and Tea
Top 3 trade partners Import value Indonesia, Kenya and India
Export value Sudan, Kenya and Switzerland
Agriculture contribute to of GDP 32 %
Subsistence farming 68 % of the farming population

Source: FAOSTAT(2013)
Climate status
• Warm tropical climate with Savanna vegetations, mountains, swamps and forests.
• Annual rainfall vary from 500 mm to 2800 mm, with an average of 1180 mm.
• Observed seasonal rainfall totals for Uganda is a bimodal cycle (two rainy seasons) in the South, East
and Central with higher rainfall during the rainy seasons (Mar-Apr-May) and (Sep-Oct-Nov).
• In the north a unimodal cycle (one rainy season).
• Currently it now more obvious with a longer single rainy
season that extends across the seasons.

• Averages in annual near surface temperatures is around

21°C. Monthly temperatures range from a Minimum of
15°C in Jul, to a maximum of 30°C in Feb.
• The highest temperatures are observed in the north,
especially in the north-east, while lower temperatures
occur in the south.

• Extreme weather events such as floods, landslides, and

prolonged drought are becoming more frequent.
• Possible causes for climate change include: Deforestation,
Wetland encroachment, and others.
Uganda districts affected by disasters in 2021

Source:
IOM (2021)
Food Security Status
• Uganda produces more food than it can consume
• Majority of Ugandans 88% are food secure (UBOS,
2020)
• 12% food insecure are in regions of North and
Northeastern Uganda
• Only 11% are in absolute poverty.
• Mostly the poor resides in the rural areas who lives
below 1.9$ a day
• Frequency of meals: half of the population eats 3
meals per day
• Government or donor agencies extend support to
the poor population with improved seeds,
mechanization, and food for vulnerable.
• Contribution to poverty are:
Long droughts
Insecurity
Pest (fall army worm and locust)
Food Security Index Uganda
Food Insecurity status and Poverty Distribution
50 Food aid Poverty Levels

45 Poverty Level • Top 3 commodities available for consumption in Uganda

and Food aids are Maize, Plantain and Cassava
40
Highest in
Northern and • Global Hunger Index is at 19.2 (serious)
35
Lowest in • 2% of the population severely food insecure (USAID,
30 Central 2020)
25 • Proportion of undernourished is 25 % population.
20 • Uganda hosted the largest number of refugees in Africa
as of 2021(1.5 million)
15
• Social assistance increased from 12 % Feb 2020 to 17%
10 July 2021
5 • Access to improved water sources is 76 % of population.
0
Northern Central Eastern Western

Source: FAOSTAT(2013)
Measures and initiatives taken to address food insecurity challenges

• Research towards breeding crops that are high yielding and tolerant to environment stress factors
have been strengthened and new cultivars released by National Agricultural Research Organisation.
• Stimulus Packages through establishment of a recovery fund for firms at development banks.
• Investing in supportive infrastructure: the road network, irrigation, rural electrification. development
of sub-national and cross-border markets.
• Prioritisation of Agro-industrialization and human capital development as a core thrust for the 3rd
National Development Planning (NDP).
• NDP has fully integrated all SDGs in national development.
• The Parish Development Model has been adopted to ensure equitable and inclusive service delivery at
the grassroots levels.
• Strengthening of early warnings systems and information systems to farmers through the media and
taking advantage of development in digital transformation
• Empowerment of smallholder farmers, women, youth in the food chain with inclusive, job creating and
livelihood opportunities including; Emyooga, Youth Livelihood programmes and Women
empowerment programmes
Policy measures to address food insecurity challenges
• Promoting regional marketing of food products and economic integration at the continental and global
levels.
• Uganda looks forward to enhancing our collaborations and partnership with other Member States and
United Nations Agencies in the sustainable transformation of food systems across the world.
• The transformation needed to focus on building efficient, resilient, inclusive, impactful and
sustainable food ecosystems.
• Resilience to shock through improved food systems and supply chains were key for the
transformation agenda.
• Increasing funding to research, technology and innovation would offer future solutions to the current
problems in the food value chain system.
• Modernisation and commercialisation of agricultural sector
• Promoting agroforestry farming system
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