ANATOMY &

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
CORONARY ARTERY
CORONARY ARTERIES
• The coronary circulation refers to the vessels that supply and drain
the heart.
• Coronary arteries are named as such due to the way they encircle the
heart, much like a crown.
• It supplies blood to the heart muscle and small branches dive into the
heart muscles to bring it blood
• The aorta branches off into the two main coronary arteries.
• There are two main coronary arteries which branch to supply the entire
heart. They are named the LEFT AND RIGHT CORONARY ARTERIES, and
arise from the left and right aortic sinuses within the aorta.
• The left coronary artery (LCA) initially branches to yield the left anterior
descending (LAD), also called the anterior interventricular artery which
supply blood to the front of the left side of the heart.
• The LCA also gives off the left marginal artery (LMA) and the left
circumflex artery (Cx).
• The circumflex artery encircle the heart muscle and supply blood to the
outside and back of the heart.
RCA
• The right coronary artery (RCA) branches to form the right marginal
artery (RMA) anteriorly and right posterior descending artery
• It supplies blood to the right ventricles, right atrium, sinoatrial and
atrioventricular node.
• Right posterior descending artery ,acute marginal artery together
with the left anterior descending artery helps supply blood to the
septum
 Distribution of the Coronary Arteries

• The RCA passes to the right of the pulmonary trunk and runs along the
coronary sulcus before branching.
• The right marginal artery arises from the RCA and moves along the right
and inferior border of the heart towards the apex.
• The RCA continues to the posterior surface of the heart, still running
along the coronary sulcus.
• The posterior interventricular artery then arises from the RCA and
follows the posterior interventricular groove towards the apex of the
heart.
• The LCA passes between the left side of the pulmonary trunk and the left
auricle. The LCA divides into the anterior interventricular branch and the
circumflex branch.
• The anterior interventricular branch (LAD) follows the anterior
interventricular groove towards the apex of the heart where it continues on
the posterior surface to anastomose with the posterior
interventricular branch.
• The circumflex branch follows the coronary sulcus to the left border and
onto the posterior surface of the heart. This gives rise to the left marginal
branch which follows the left border of the heart.
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE ANTERIOR VIEW
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE POSTERIOR
VIEW
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