Elektroenerģētikas

tehnoloģijas
Mihails Larionovs ET 1
Ground heat pump
A ground source heat pump (also geothermal heat pump) is a heating/cooling system for buildings
that uses a type of heat pump to transfer heat to or from the ground, taking advantage of the
relative constancy of temperatures of the earth through the seasons. Ground source heat pumps
(GSHPs) – or geothermal heat pumps (GHP) as they are commonly termed in North America – are
among the most energy-efficient technologies for providing HVAC and water heating, using far less
energy than can be achieved by burning a fuel in a boiler/furnace or by use of resistive electric
heaters. Efficiency is given as a coefficient of performance which is typically in the range 3 – 6,
meaning that the devices provide 3 – 6 units of heat for each unit of electricity used. Setup costs are
higher than for other heating systems due to the requirement to install ground loops over large
areas or drill bore holes, and for this reason air source heat pumps are often used instead.
Thin film solar

• A thin-film solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more
thin layers, or thin film (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or
metal. Thin-film solar cells are commercially used in several technologies, including cadmium
telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin-film silicon (a-
Si, TF-Si).

• Film thickness varies from a few nanometers (nm) to tens of micrometers (µm), much thinner
than thin-film's rival technology, the conventional, first-generation crystalline silicon solar cell
(c-Si), that uses wafers of up to 200 µm thick. This allows thin film cells to be flexible, and
lower in weight. It is used in building-integrated photovoltaics and as semi-transparent,
photovoltaic glazing material that can be laminated onto windows. Other commercial
applications use rigid thin film solar panels (interleaved between two panes of glass) in some
of the world's largest photovoltaic power stations.
Ocean current turbine

• Tidal current turbine – A tall turbine (much like a wind turbine)

anchored to a base, is placed on the sea floor. The tidal currents move
the rotors, generating electricity. When the tide goes out, the rotors
reverse direction and continue to generate electricity. Electricity is
sent to the grid on shore via a cable
Molten salt battery
• Molten-salt batteries are a class of battery that uses molten salts as an electrolyte
and offers both a high energy density and a high power density. Traditional non-
rechargeable thermal batteries can be stored in their solid state at room
temperature for long periods of time before being activated by heating.
Rechargeable liquid-metal batteries are used for industrial power backup, special
electric vehicles and for grid energy storage, to balance out intermittent
renewable power sources such as solar panels and wind turbines.
Quinine flow batteries
• A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of
electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical
components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through the system on separate
sides of a membrane.[2][3] Ion transfer inside the cell (accompanied by flow of
electric current through an external circuit) occurs through the membrane while
both liquids circulate in their own respective space. Cell voltage is chemically
determined by the Nernst equation and ranges, in practical applications, from 1.0
to 2.43 volts. The energy capacity is a function of the electrolyte volume and the
power is a function of the surface area of the electrodes.