BIOETHICS

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL BIOETICS

TEAM 2
Audria Chairun Nisa Muhammad Nazif Zen Kurnia Irvani

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 Bioethics
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL BIOETICS

6. Principles of Bioethics in 1. What Is Bioethics and

Biology Principles of Bioethics

5. Justice 2. Autonomy
Our Topics

4. Non-malficense 3. Beneficense

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What Is Bioethics and Principles of Bioethics

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Bioethics and Principles of
Bioethics

Bioethics is a new disciplines which combines biological

knowledge with a knowledge of human value systems, which would
build a bridge between the sciences and the humanities, help
humanity to survive and sustain, and improve the civilized world.

Principles of bioethics are basically the application of ethical

principles in the fields of medicine and health that meets the rules of
praxeology (practical) and moral philosophy (normative)

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 Principles of Bioethics

Alternative
Principlism
principlism

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 Normative Ethical Theory

Deontology
the origin of the word deon (mandatory), unconditional (categorical) and not depending on the specific purpose.

Teleology
conditional (hypothetical). Whether the action is right or not depends on the consequences.

Virtue
virtue, whether the action is right or not depends on the norms taken.

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Principles of Bioethics

Justice

Autonomy

Non-Maleficence

Beneficence

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 Dalil

Bioethics learning has no problem with Islam, it is even needed,

because bioethics emphasizes the development of thinking to
determine the good and bad sides or the ethical dimensions of
modern biology and technology related to life, while Islam itself
emphasizes the importance of thinking. Rasulullah SAW gave a
statement about the role of reason in religion "Religion is the use of
reason, there is no religion for people who have no sense". Man's
obligation to always use his mind and thoughts is stated by Allah in
the letter al Ghosyiyah, verses 17-20

Bioethics has a wide scope very broad, complex, and problematic.

The scope of the study material/material considered a bioethical
principle only limited to the scope of aspects humanity alone or
human as creatures, but also aspects of divinity, Khalid's and God's
Divinity as al-Khaliq. Aspect of divinity God as al-Khaliq can be seen
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on Q.S. al-Baqarah verse 255:
Respect for
Autonomy

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Autonomy is literally self-regulating rules calmly and unhurriedly. The basics of Respect for Autonomy are closely related to the basis of respect for human dignity

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 Autonomy
characteristics of autonomy

Respect the right to self- Keeping patient secrets

determination

Honestly respect privacy Implementing Informed

Consent

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Beneficence

Principle Moral beneficence is a moral obligation to perform

an action for the sake of the goodness or benefit of another
person (patient).

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 Beneficence
Characteristics of Beneficence

Strive for more

Applying the goodness or
Prioritizing
Alturism
Golden Rule benefits than a
Principle bad thing

Looking at the
patient or family is
not an act not only
benefit a doctor Ensure a good
life Maximize
Give a patient rights
prescription as a whole

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 Beneficence
Some examples of the application of this beneficence principle

Protect and safeguard the Eliminate conditions that Help people who are in
rights of others. can harm others. danger.

Prevent harm that can

befall others. Helping people with various
limitations (disability).

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Non-maleficence

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 Non-Maleficence

This principle states that the imperative not to injure others is

stronger rather than having to do good. This principle where a
doctor does not perform actions that aggravate the patient and
choose the most appropriate treatment little risk to the patient.

The purpose of this principle is to protect someone who is unable

(disabled) or non-autonomous people.

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 Non-Maleficence
Characteristics of Non-Malficence

Do not view the patient as an

Assisting emergency patients
object

The patient benefits outweigh

Treating injured patients
the doctor's losses

Do not endanger the patient

Does not kill the patient
due to negligence

Protect the patient from

Not committing White Collar Crime
attacks

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Justice
 Dalil

Aspects of the principle of justice in bioethics is shown in Q.S. An

nisa :58 The translation: Verily Allah commanded you deliver the
message to the rightful accept it, and (tell you) when specifying law
among men so that you set with fair ...

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 Justice

The principle of justice (fairness) is a principle by which a doctor

treat equally and fairly towards the happiness and comfort of
patients the.

Beuchamp and Childress stated that this theory is closely related

to a person's fair attitude to others, such as decide who needs
medical help first seen from the severity of the disease

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 Justice
The two principles of justice formulated by Rawls are based on a special conception of the theory of justice

Everyone has equal rights as far as the

whole system can cover equality of Social and economic inequalities are arranged so that
both of them:
fundamental freedoms equal to the (a) Most advantageous for the least disadvantaged
freedom of all citizens another (b) Attached to positions and offices open to all under
conditions of fair equality of opportunity.

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 Characteristics of Justice

1 2 3 4

Apply everything universally Respect the patient's

Taking the last portion of Respect the patient's
the process of dividing right to health legal rights
that he has done

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Principles of Bioethics in
Biology
 Bioethical Principles in Animal Use
The “three Rs” principle

replacement reduction refinement

The use of experimental Reducing the amount of Improved handling of

animals should receive usage to the limit of the animals used to reduce the
attention in the search for amount that can still be impact can cause pain and
his replacement analyzed statistically create stress

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 Basic Principles of Research Bioethics on Human Subjects

1 Respect for human dignity

2 Respect for privacy and confidentiality

Human research is research conducted on humans to
determine causes or symptoms of a disease, which
aims to obtain useful information accurate
3 Respect for justice and inclusiveness
information about disease progression. The benefit
for mankind is to overcome, prevent and treat
diseases experienced by humans.
4 Balancing harms and benefits

5 Informed Consent

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 Two types of research involving humans as research subject

Medical research combined

with medicine (Clinical Non-Therapeutic Biomedical
Research) Research in Humans (Non-
Clinical Biomedical Research)

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Examples of research using animals
Thank you !
Any questions?