Pengukuran Besaran Listrik

~Electrical Measurements~

PERTEMUAN KE-5

ERRORS CALCULATION

09/12/2022
 Error , E  x measured  xtrue
 x measured  xtrue 
% Error     100 %
 xtrue 

Where
i. E= the measurement error
ii. Xmeasured = the value obtained by a measurement
iii. Xtrue = the true value
 Mean values
For any set of n measurements x1, x2 ….xn of
a constant quantity, the mean given by:

……..(1)

09/12/2022
 Median values
The median is the middle value when the
measurements in the data set are written
down in ascending order of magnitude
without having to sum the measurements, the
median given by:

……..(2)

09/12/2022
 Suppose that the voltage of a AC supply is
measured by a number of different
observers.
Measurement SET A:

Measurement SET B:

Using (1) and (2),

Mean A= 409.0 and median A= 408.
Mean B = 406.0 and median B = 407.
09/12/2022
 Using (1) and (2),
Mean C= 406.5 and median A= 406.

09/12/2022
Measurement set C as being more reliable
since the measurements are much closer
together. In set A, the spread between the
smallest (396) and largest (430) value is 34.
Set B, the spread is 6.

And set C, the spread is 0.5

09/12/2022
 Standard Deviation and Variance
The range between the largest and smallest
value is not in fact a very good way of
examining how the measurement
values are distributed about the mean value
A much better way
to calculate the variance or
standard deviation
09/12/2022
 Deviation di each measurement:

……..(3)

The variance (V) is then given by:

……..(4)

09/12/2022
 Standard Deviation and Variance

The standard deviation (δ) is :

……..(5)

09/12/2022
 Measurement SET A:

Mean = 409.0

09/12/2022
 Measurement SET B:

42 Mean = 406.0

09/12/2022