Engine watchkeeping I

COURSE CODE: EWK1

WEEK 13
 Motivation
 V10.1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyPklHkmkDY&t=21s
 V10.2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB3UswHAqJQ&t=49s
 V10.3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70SP53RdLvM
 TOPIC COVERAGE
WEEK 13

1. STEERING GEAR IN SHIPS

2. STEERING GEAR SYSTEM IN SHIP
 TYPES OF STEERING GEARS ON SHIPS
 MAIN CONTROL OF THE STEERING
 RUDDER SYSTEM
3. ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE OF A
STEERING FAILURE
 Learning Outcome/s
 LO 2.11 Define the function of the steering gear is the complete turning
mechanism mandatory for each and every ship irrespective of size, type and
operation.
 LO 2.12 Identify the types of steering gear basically used on the modern
ships.
 LO 2.13 List the components of ship rudder system.
 LO 2.14 Describer the emergency procedure establishes onboard in the event
of steering failure.
 LO 2.15 Role playing of a simple scenario on actions to be taken in case of
steering failure occurs on board ship
 Assessment

 Written assessment must be introduced at the

end of discussion which must be suffice the
Learning Outcome.
WEEK 13
DAY 1
1. STEERING GEAR IN
SHIPS
WEEK 13

https://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2016/mair/326-mo-2016-005/
 Steering Gear in Ships

 Steering gear system has

been an indispensable part
of the ship’s machinery
since the advent of the
very early ships, which
were operated by hand.

http://www.japanham.com/en/service/rotary/
2. STEERING GEAR
SYSTEM IN SHIP
WEEK 13

https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/understanding-steering-gear-ships/
 Steering Gear System In Ship

 Standard requirements
 With one of the power units inoperative
 Major power units and the control systems
 Emergency power supply
 Types of Steering Gears On Ships

 Hydraulic
 Electro-hydraulic type
 Main Control Of The Steering

 The main control of the

steering operations is
given from the helm of
any ship,

https://www.beyondships.com/Explorer-Tour-4.html
A better illustration for the exact work sequence of in a simple
rudder system is given in the following figure.

https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/understanding-steering-gear-ships/
Representative image of Steering Gear arrangement in a
ship

https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/understanding-steering-gear-ships/
 Rudder System
 The rudder system consists of the following:
 Rudder actuators
 Power units
 Other auxiliary equipment needed to apply turn the rudder
by applying torque
 Hydraulic pumps and valves
 Pump Types

 These pumps are basically of two major types:

 Radial piston type (Hele-Shaw)
 Axial Piston type (Swash plate)
 Actuators Types

 These actuators, in turn, can be of two types:

 Piston or cylindrical arrangement
 Vane type rotor
 Ram Type Steering Gear System
 Ram type steering gear is one of the commonly used steering
gear construction and is quite expensive in construction. The
basic principle is same as that of a hydraulically-driven motor
engine or lift.
 The sense of turning the rudder is guided by the action of the hydraulic
pump. The physics behind its function can be explained better with the help
of the following figure.
 Rotary Vane Steering Gear
 In rotary vane steering gear, there is a fixed housing in which
two vanes rotate. The housing along with the vanes form four
chambers. The physics behind its operation is similar to the ram
type with a small difference.
Rotary Vane Steering Gear
 3. ACTIONS TO BE
TAKEN IN CASE OF A
STEERING FAILURE
WEEK 13

https://www.flickr.com/photos/tamsintog/9320308861
 Emergency Procedures: Steering failure is more
common than we think

 It is believed that steering systems don’t show

any fundamental complexity and they don’t
easily fail, thus they are not properly maintained.
 How to prevent steering failure

 Flag administrations and Classification Societies,

aiming to the prevention of steering gear failures,
promote regulations and best practices, always based
on IMO recommendations and on SOLAS 1974
requirements. According to these:
 Actions to be taken in case of a steering failure

 Call the master and advise engineer officer on watch

 Report to the office, inform port authority and fix vessel’s
position and time of failure
 Investigate for navigational hazards and for the cause of failure
 Make sound signals, send URGENCY or DISTRESS message
and exhibit shapes and lights, if necessary
 Disengage autopilot, start the emergency steering system and
maneuver as appropriate-prepare for anchoring if the depth is
suitable
EMERGENCY CHECKLIST
 Summary

 Steering gear in ships

 Steering gear system in ship
 Types of steering gears on ships
 Main control of the steering
 Rudder system
 Actions to be taken in case of a steering failure
 End of discussion

http://www.netanimations.net/Moving_Animated_Question_Marks_And_Exclamation_Point_Gif_Animations.htm
 References
 Subhodeep Gosh. (2019). Understanding Steering Gear in Ships. Retrieved file from
https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/understanding-steering-gear-ships/
 SAFETY4SEA. (2019). Emergency Procedures: Steering failure is more common than
we think. Retrieved file from
https://safety4sea.com/cm-emergency-procedures-steering-failure-is-more-common-than
-we-think/