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Pre-Calculus:
Sequence and
Series
MS. INGRID NIKOLAI FERCOL
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INTRODUCTION TO
SEQUENCES AND
SERIES
 EXERCISE: QUESTIONS:

1. HOW MANY MINI-SQUARES CAN BE

FORMED IN THE NEXT TERM?

2. WHAT IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ALL

MINI-SQUARES IN THE SEQUENCE STARTING
FROM 1ST FIGURE TO 6TH FIGURE?
https://math-physics-problems.wikia.org/wiki/Sum_of_Consecutive_Odd_Numbers
Definition :
SEQUEN
CE
- Sequence or progression is a set or list
numbers(it can be a shapes , letters or
other geometric object) that creates a
pattern.
- the sequence that only contains a
number is called Numerical sequences
or number sequence
- Each number in the set of the
sequence is called a term
A SEQUENCE CAN BE:
Finite sequence- it has
countable number of terms, in
other words it has finite
number of terms or it has an
end.
Example: 2,4,6,8,10
Infinite sequence- by the word
“infinite”, it has infinitely
countable number of terms. It
can be denoted by an
ellipsis(…) at the end of the
given sequence.
Example: 2,4,6,8,10,…
 A SERIES CAN BE:
SERIES finite series- finite sum of the
terms in a sequence.
-Series is the sum of all terms in
the sequence. Example:

Illustration: 2+3+4+5+6= 20

= ++…+ Infinite series- the summation

of infinitely many numbers in a
,…,=> the terms in the sequence.
sequence.
Example:

2+3+4+…=
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ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE AND
SERIES
 Arithmetic
Definition
Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Series

An arithmetic sequenceis asequence where

An arithmetic series is the sums of the terms in
the difference of every pair of
an arithmeticsequence with a definite
consecutive terms is constant. This contact
number of terms.
is referred to as the common
difference, Denoted byd.
, ,… 𝑆𝑛 =𝑎1 +  𝑎2 +   𝑎3 +… + 𝑎 𝑛
+d +d …
 Formulae:
Arithmetic Sequence:
Arithmetic
Given an arithmetic sequence { }
where the first term is and the
Series:
common difference is d ,the nth
term of the sequence is given
by the formula:

𝒂 𝒏= 𝒂𝟏 + ( 𝐧 −𝟏 ) 𝐝 The first formula is used whenever

the first and the last terms of the

𝑎𝑛=nthterm
sequence are given. On the other
hand, the second formula
is usedif the first term and
the common difference of the
sequence are given.
Example
s
EXAMPLE:
Given the 1st and 20th term of an arithmetic
sequence as 7 and 102 respectively, Find .

Given: n=20, =7,=102

Solution:
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GEOMETRIC
SEQUENCE AND
SERIES
 Geometric
Definition
Is
term
Sequence
a sequence
is constant.
wherein the
Theconstant
ratio of
is referred
every pair
to asthe
of consecutive

common ratio, denoted by r, where r ≠ 0. The first term cannot take the
value 0.

Illustration
1. (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is 2.

2. (800, 400, 200, 100, 50,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is
½
3. (2,-6, 18, -54, 162,…) is a geometric sequence and the common ratio is - 3

4. ( 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8) is NOT a geometric sequence because there is no

common ratio that can be obtained from each pair of consecutive term.
Common Ratio:
The number multiplied (or divided) at each stage of a geometric sequence
Formula for geometric sequence:
EXAMPLE
GIVEN A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
2,4,8,16… ,FIND THE 20TH AND
30TH TERMS OF THE SEQUENCE.
Finding :

finding common ratio:

finding :
 Geometric Series
Definition
Is the sum of terms in a geometric sequence

Two Types of Geometric Series

Finite Geometric series- when we sum a known number of terms, the result is a finite geometric series

Infinite Geometric series- This series can be determined if there is no last term
 Formula for geometric Series:

FINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES FORMULA

INFINITE GEOMETRIC SERIES
FORMULA

1
 EXAMPLE
What is the sum of this infinite geometric
Given a geometric sequence where =7 series:
and r=4. Find
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