Activity!

Gibberish Game
 Mechanics

I will flash gibberish words on the screen. Guess the

word/s correctly. If you know the answer, you can raise
your hand and tell the answer.
 Example

MAT THEY MAT TEXT

 Answer

MATHEMATICS
 Gibberish #1

THIS SEND ENDING

 Answer

DESCENDING
 Gibberish #2

INN FINE NEAT

 Answer

INFINITE
 Gibberish #3

SICK WHEN SEES

 Answer

SEQUENCES
 Gibberish #4

ARE RATE MEAT THICK

 Answer

ARITHMETIC
 Gibberish #5

COME ON DEAF PARENTS

 Answer

COMMON DIFFERENCE
 Gibberish #6

COW WOULD RATE THICK

 Answer

QUADRATIC
 Gibberish #7

DUE MEAT WRECK

 Answer

GEOMETRIC
 Gibberish #8

COME ON RACE YOU

 Answer

COMMON RATIO
 Gibberish #9

PAY BOW KNOT SHE

 Answer

FIBONACCI
 Gibberish #10

FAR SHALL SOME

 Answer

PARTIAL SUM
 What is a sequence?

Order of the sequence

Sequence
What is finite and infinite sequence?

Types of sequences
 Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

 define arithmetic, quadratic, geometric, and Fibonacci sequence;

 solve problems involving arithmetic, quadratic, geometric, and
Fibonacci sequence, and;
 apply the concept of arithmetic, quadratic, geometric, and Fibonacci
sequence in real- life situations.
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example ELEMENTS

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM

Example TERM

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM
 can be described in different ways, such as: explicit formula, recurrence
relation, and table of values
o An explicit formula gives a direct way to compute each term in the
sequence.
 Explicit Formula
𝒂𝒏 =𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒏 − 𝟏 ) 𝒅

Sample Problem: Find the 5th term of the arithmetic

sequence with the first term 3 and a common difference 4.

=𝒂 𝟏 + ( 𝒂 𝒏𝒏 − =𝒂𝟏) 𝟏
𝒅 + (𝒏−𝟏
𝒂𝟓 =𝟑 + ( 𝟓 − 𝟏
first term 𝒂𝟓 =𝟑 + ( 𝟒 ) 𝟒
d = common difference
𝒂𝟓 =𝟏𝟗
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM
 can be described in different ways, such as: explicit formula, recurrence
relation, and table of values
o An explicit formula gives a direct way to compute each term in the
sequence.
o A recurrence relation expresses each term in terms of one or more
preceding terms.
 Recurrence Relation
Sample Problem: First few terms 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 19, …

5–4=1 14 – 10= 4 19 + 6 = 25

7–5=2 19 – 14 = 5
7th term is 25

10 – 7 = 3 ?
 SEQUENCES
What is a Sequence?
 is an ordered list of numbers (or elements) that follow a particular pattern
 each element in the sequence is called a TERM
 can be described in different ways, such as: explicit formula, recurrence
relation, and table of values
o An explicit formula gives a direct way to compute each term in the
sequence.
o A recurrence relation expresses each term in terms of one or more
preceding terms.
o A table of values simply list the terms in the sequence.
 Table of Values

Sample Problem: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, …

X Y
(n values) (
1 5
1st term value of the first term
2 10
3 15 value of the second
2nd term
term
4 20
5 25
6 30
 Ascending

Order of the Sequence

Descending
 Order of the Sequence
Ascending increasing order

Example: 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, …

Descending decreasing order

Example: 40, 36, 32, 28, 24, 20, 16, …

 Finite

Two types of Sequence

Infinite
e The two types of Sequence
Finite it is possible to count the number of terms

Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 .

Infinite not finite/ not countable

Example: 6, 7, 8, 9,… .
Types of
Sequences
in Math
Types of Sequences in Math

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
QUADRATIC SEQUENCE
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
HARMONIC SEQUENCE
TRIANGULAR NUMBER SEQUENCE
SQUARE NUMBER SEQUENCE
CUBE NUMBER SEQUENCE
Arithmetic Sequence
 Arithmetic Sequence
• It is a sequence of numbers in which each successive term
is a sum of its preceding term and a fixed number.
• This fixed number is called a COMMON DIFFERENCE.

Example: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …

 Arithmetic Sequence
• It is a sequence of numbers in which each successive term
is a sum of its preceding term and a fixed number.
• This fixed number is called a COMMON DIFFERENCE.
• This terms of the arithmetic sequence are of the form
a, a+d, a+2d, …
 Arithmetic Sequence
• It is a sequence of numbers in which each successive term
is a sum of its preceding term and a fixed number.
• This fixed number is called a COMMON DIFFERENCE.
• This terms of the arithmetic sequence are of the form
a, a+d, a+2d, …

a a+d a+2d a+3d Aa+(n-1)d

1st Term 2nd Term 3rd Term 4th Term nth Term
 Arithmetic Sequence Examples

Find the next term of the arithmetic sequence : 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, …

𝐚 𝐧 =𝐚 𝟏 + ( 𝐧 − 𝟏 ) 𝐝 𝐚 𝐧 =𝐚 𝟏 + ( 𝐧 − 𝟏 ) 𝐝
𝐚 𝟔=𝟏𝟏 + ( 𝟔 −𝟏 ) 𝟒
𝐚 𝟔=𝟏𝟏 + ( 𝟓 ) 𝟒
= first term
d= common difference
𝐚 𝟔=𝟏𝟏 +𝟐𝟎
𝐚 𝟔 =𝟑𝟏
 Arithmetic Sequence
Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence : -1, -3,-5, -7, …
 Arithmetic Sequence
Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence : -1, -3,-5, -7, …

𝐚 𝐧 =𝐚 𝟏 + ( 𝐧 − 𝟏 ) 𝐝 𝐚 𝐧 =𝐚 𝟏 + ( 𝐧 − 𝟏 ) 𝐝
𝐚 𝟏𝟎 =−𝟏 + ( 𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 ) −𝟐
𝐚 𝟏𝟎 =−𝟏 + ( 𝟗 ) −𝟐
= first term
d= common difference
𝐚 𝟏𝟎 =−𝟏 +(− 𝟏𝟖)
𝐚 𝟏𝟎 =− 𝟏 𝟗
 Partial Sum of a finite Arithmetic Sequence

Find the 7th partial sum of the arithmetic sequence –9, –2, 5,
12, 19

𝐚 𝐧 = 𝒂𝟏 + ( 𝐧 − 𝟏𝒔
) 𝐝 =𝐧 𝒏 (
𝒂 𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏
𝟐
𝒔 𝟕 =𝟕
) (
𝟐𝟒
𝟐
)

𝐚 𝟕=− 𝟗+ ( 𝟕 − 𝟏 ) 𝟕
𝒔 =𝟕 ( 𝒔
− 𝟗 + 𝟑𝟑
𝟕 =𝟕
) (𝟏𝟐 )
𝐚 𝟕=− 𝟗+ ( 𝟔 ) 𝟕
𝟕
𝟐

𝐚 𝟕=− 𝟗+𝟒𝟐 𝒔 =𝟕 (
𝟐𝟒 𝑺
) 𝟕 =𝟖𝟒
𝐚 𝟕 =𝟑𝟑
𝟕
𝟐
 Partial Sum of an Infinite Arithmetic
Sequence

Find the sum of the infinite arithmetic series with the first
term 3 and a common difference of 2.

𝒂 𝟑
𝑺= 𝑺=
𝟏− 𝒅 − 𝟏

𝑺=
𝟑
𝟏− 𝟐 𝑺=−𝟑
Quadratic Sequence
 Quadratic Sequence
It is a sequence in which the second difference between any
two consecutive terms is constant.

Consider this example: 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, …

1 2 4 7 11

First Difference : +1 +2 +3 +4

Second Difference : +1 +1 +1
 Quadratic Sequence
Try this example: -13, -25, -43, -67, …

First Difference :

Second Difference :
Try this example: -7, -15, -25, -37, …

First Difference :
Second Difference :
 Quadratic Sequence
Try this example: -13, -25, -43, -67, …
-13 -25 -43 -67

First Difference : -12 -18 -24

Second Difference : -6 -6
Try this example: -7, -15, -25, -37, …
-7 -15 -25 -37
First Difference : -8 -10 -12
Second Difference : -2 -2
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence
𝟐
If the sequence is quadratic, the nth term is of the form 𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄

n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4

𝑻 𝒏 a+b+c 4a+2b+c 9a+3b+c 16a+4b+c

First Difference 3a+b 5a+b 7a+b

Second Difference 2a 2a

In this case, the common second difference is 2a.

 General Case of Quadratic Sequence
𝟐
Example: 𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 1: Find the first and second differences between the terms:
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence

Example:
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 1: Find the first and second differences between the terms:
5 12 23 38 There is a common
second difference of
1st Difference +7 +11 +15 4. Therefore, this is a
quadratic sequence of
2nd Difference +4 +4 the form:
𝟐
𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence

Example:
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 2: Find the next two terms in the sequence:
5 12 23 38 57 80

1st Difference +7 +11 +15 +19 +23

2nd Difference +4 +4 +4 +4

So, the sequence will be: 5, 12, 23,38,57,80, …

 General Case of Quadratic Sequence
𝟐
Example: 𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 3: Determine the general form of the sequence:

n=1:
n=2:
n=3:
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence
𝟐
Example: 𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 3: Determine the general form of the sequence:

n=1: 5
n=2: 12 4
7 eq.1
n=3: 23
2=a

11 eq.2
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence
𝟐
Example: 𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 3: Determine the general form of the sequence:
7 eq.1

4
7 eq.1

2=a

11 eq.2
 General Case of Quadratic Sequence

Example:
Write down the next two terms and determine an equation for the nth term of the
sequence: 5, 12, 23, 38,…
Step 4: Write the general form of the sequence:

𝟐
𝑻 𝒏= 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏+ 𝒄

𝟐
𝑻 𝒏= 𝟐𝒏 +𝒏+ 𝟐
Geometric Sequence
e
Geometric Sequence
It is a special type of sequence where the ratio of every two successive
terms is a constant. This ratio is known as a COMMON RATIO of the
geometric sequence.
Geometric Sequence Formulas:
𝒏 −𝟏
nth term of a Geometric Sequence: 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂𝒓

Sum of a finite Geometric Sequence: or

𝟐 𝟑 𝒂
Sum of an infinite Geometric Sequence: 𝒂+𝒂𝒓 +𝒂𝒓 +…= , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 <𝟏.
𝟏−𝒓
e
Geometric Sequence

Example: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, …

𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝟎
𝒓= 𝒓=
𝒂𝒏 − 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝒂𝟑
𝒓=
𝒂𝟑 − 𝟏 𝒓 =𝟐
e
Geometric Sequence
Determine if each of the following is a geometric sequence. If so, determine
the common ratio.

1. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, … YES, r= 2

2. 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, … NO, because

3. 1, -1, 1, -1, … YES, r= -1

4. YES, r=
e
Geometric Sequence
1. Find the 25th term of the geometric sequence 1,

Geometric Sequence Formulas:

𝒏 −𝟏
nth term of a Geometric Sequence: 𝒂𝒏 =𝒂𝒓
Common ratio:

𝒂𝟐𝟓 =¿
𝟏
𝒓 =
𝟓
 Geometric Sequence
2. Find the sum of the first 18 terms of the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54,
…
Geometric Sequence Formulas:
Sum of a finite Geometric Sequence: or

𝟏𝟖
𝒏
𝒂 (𝒓 −𝟏) 𝟐( 𝟑 −𝟏)
𝑺 𝒏= 𝑺 𝟏𝟖=
𝒓 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏
𝟏𝟖
𝟏𝟖
𝟐( 𝟑 −𝟏) 𝟐( 𝟑 −𝟏)
𝑺 𝟏𝟖= 𝑺 𝟏𝟖=
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟖
𝑺 𝟏𝟖= 𝟑 −𝟏
 Geometric Sequence

3. Find the following sum of the terms of this infinite geometric sequence:

Geometric Sequence Formulas:

𝟐 𝟑 𝒂
Sum of an infinite Geometric Sequence: 𝒂+𝒂𝒓 +𝒂𝒓 +…= , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 <𝟏 .
𝟏 −𝒓
Solution: 𝒂 𝟏 𝟐
𝑺 ∞= 𝑺 ∞= ×
𝟏 −𝒓 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 𝑺 ∞= 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
𝑺 ∞= 𝑺 ∞=
𝟏−
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
Fibonacci Sequence
 Fibonacci Sequence
It is a series of numbers that follow a unique integer
sequence. These number generated mathematical patterns
that can be found in all aspects in life.

Fibonacci Sequence is derived from Fibonacci Numbers. The

Fibonacci Numbers are as follows: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,
34, 55, ….

These numbers are obtained by adding the two previous

numbers in the sequence.
 Fibonacci Sequence
Example: Find the 10th term of the Fibonacci sequence with

a. Find b. Find c. Find d. Find

𝐹 𝑛= 𝐹 𝑛− 1+ 𝐹 𝑛− 2 𝐹 𝑛= 𝐹 𝑛− 1+ 𝐹 𝑛− 2 𝐹 𝑛= 𝐹 𝑛− 1+ 𝐹 𝑛− 2 𝐹 𝑛= 𝐹 𝑛− 1+ 𝐹 𝑛− 2
𝐹 10 =𝐹 10− 1+ 𝐹 10 −2 𝐹 19=𝐹 19− 1+ 𝐹 19 −2 𝐹 15=𝐹 15− 1+ 𝐹 15 −2 𝐹 23=𝐹 23 −1 + 𝐹 23− 2
𝐹 10 =34 +21 𝐹 19 =2584 +1597 𝐹 15 =377 +233 𝐹 23=17 ,711+ 10 , 946

𝐹 10 =55 𝐹 19 = 4181 𝐹 15 =610 𝐹 23 =28 ,657

Group
Activity
 Thank You
& God bless!
Math 3-2