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2022-04-25 Bioethics PPDS
2022-04-25 Bioethics PPDS
Gatot S Lawrence
Hp WA 0812 4588 6088
25 April 2022
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The practice of medicine is not a business
and can never be one ...
Our fellow creatures cannot be dealt with
as a man deals in corn and coal;
the human heart by which we live must
control our professional relations.
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Pillars of Professionalism
Arnold and Stern, 2006
Professional Doctor
(Physician)
Professionalism
Accountability*
Humanism*
Excellence
Altruism *
Ethic
Autonomy
Competence
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MORALE PRINCIPLES IN MEDICAL ETHICS
(Beauchamp and Childress 1970; Gillon 1986; Lawrence 2008)
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CLINICAL ETHICS:
A Practical Approach in Ethical Decisions
1. Medical indications
2. Patient preferences
3. Quality of life, and
4. Contextual features, meaning the social,
economic, legal, and administrative
context in which the case occurs.
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1. Medical Indications
The Principles of Beneficence and Non-maleficence
1. What is the patient’s medical problem? history?
diagnosis? prognosis?
2. Is the problem acute? chronic? critical? emergent?
reversible?
3. What are goals of treatment?
4. What are the probabilities of success?
5. What are the plans in case of therapeutic failure?
6. In sum, how can this patient be benefit by medical
and nursing care, and how can harm be avoided?
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2. Patient Preferences
The Principles of Respect for Autonomy
1. Is the patient mentally capable and legally competent?
Is there evidence of incapability?
2. If competent, what is the patient stating about
preferences for treatment?
3. Has the patient been informed of benefits and risks,
understood this information, and given consent?
4. If incapacitated, who is appropriate surrogate? Is the
surrogate using appropriate standards for decision
making?
5. Has the patient expressed prior preferences, e.g.
Advance Directives?
6. Is the patient unwilling or unable to cooperate with
medical treatment? If so why?
7. In sum, is the patient’s right to choose being respected
to the extend possible in ethics and law.
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3. Quality of Life
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• SURAT KETERANGAN SAKIT / SEHAT
A. Anak Sahabat
B. Keponakan
C. Penjabat Negara
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