welcome

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

(FRC )

Prepared by –
MOHAMMED MUZAMMIL AHMED
20S45A0147

VAAGESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

 Contents…
 Recently.
 History.
 Introduction.
 Why Fibers are used?
 Type of fibers.
 Factors affecting properties of FRC.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of FRC.
 Applications of FRC.
 Case Study.
 Conclusion.
 References.
Recently…

Prof S Suriya Prakash, CASTCON Lab, Department of

Civil Engineering and his research group have developed
an affordable special ultra-high performance fiber
reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) using locally available
materials like cement, fly-ash, river sand, ground
granulated blast furnace slag, micro-silica, water, steel
fiber, polypropylene fibers and high range water reducing
agent (HRWRA). The cost of UHPRC is brought down
and made affordable by reducing the quantity of cement,
fibers and replacing costly fine aggregates with cheaper
locally available ones through proper gradation. The
composition combines the best features of self-
consolidating concrete (SCC), fiber-reinforced concrete
(FRC) and high-performance concrete (HPC). The cost of IIT HYDERABAD
UHPFRC developed at IITH is about two times cheaper
than commercially available proprietary products
 History…

 The use of fibers goes back at least 3500 years, when straw was used to
reinforce sun-baked bricks in Mesopotamia.
 Horsehair was used in mortar and straw in mud bricks.
 Abestos fibers were used in concrete in the early 1900.
 In the 1950s, the concept of composite materials came
into picture.
 Steel , Glass and synthetic fibers have been used to improve the properties of
concrete for the past 30 or 40 years.
 Research into new fiber-reinforced concretes continues even today.
 Introduction…

 Concrete containing cement, water, aggregate, and discontinuous,

uniformly dispersed or discrete fibers is called fiber reinforced
concrete.
 It is a composite obtained by adding a single type or a blend of fibers
to the conventional concrete mix.
 Fibers can be in form of steel fibers, glass fibers, natural
fibers , synthetic fibers, etc.
 Why Fibres are used?
 Main role of fibers is to bridge the cracks that develop in
concrete and increase the ductility of concrete elements.
 There is considerable improvement in the post-cracking behavior of
concrete containing fibers due to both plastic shrinkage and drying
shrinkage.
 They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water.
 Some types of fibers produce greater abrasion and shatter
resistance in concrete.
 Imparts more resistance to Impact load.
Contd…
Contd…
Types of Fibers:-

Steel fibers Glass fibers

Carbon Fibers Cellulose Fibers
Synthetic Fibers:-

Polypropylene Fibers Nylon Fibers

Natural Fibers:-
Coir Hay
Steel fibers…

 Aspect ratios of 30 to 250.

 Diameters vary from 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm.

 High structural strength.
 Reduced crack widths and control the crack widths tightly, thus
improving durability.
 Improve impact and abrasion resistance.
 Used in precast and structural applications, highway and airport pavements,
refractory and canal linings, industrial flooring, bridge decks, etc.
Glass Fibers…

 High tensile strength, 1020 to 4080 N/mm2

 Generally, fibers of length 25mm are used.

 Improvement in impact strength.

 Increased flexural strength, ductility and resistance to thermal shock.

 Used in formwork, swimming pools, ducts and roofs, sewer lining etc.
Synthetic fibers…
 Man- made fibers from petrochemical and textile industries.

 Cheap, abundantly available.

 High chemical resistance.

 High melting point.

 Low modulus of elasticity.

 It’s types are acrylic, aramid, carbon, nylon, polyester,

polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.

 Applications in cladding panels and shotcrete.

Natural fibers…

 Obtained at low cost and low level of energy using local

manpower and technology.

 Jute, coir and bamboo are examples.

 They may undergo organic decay.

 Low modulus of elasticity, high impact strength.

 Types of Fibers

Types Tensile Strength Young's Modulus Ultimate Elongation Specific Gravity

( Mpa ) ( 103 Mpa ) (%)

Steel 275 - 2758 200 0.5 - 35 2.50

Glass 1034 - 3792 69 1.5 - 3.5 3.20

Asbestos 551 - 965 89 - 138 0.60 1.50

Rayon 413 - 520 6.89 10 - 25 1.50

Cotton 413 - 689 4.82 3 -10 1.10

Nylon 858 - 827 4.13 16 - 20 0.50

Polypropylene 551 - 758 3.45 24 1.10

Acrylic 206 - 413 2.06 25 - 45 0.90

Factors affecting the Properties of FRC...

 Volume of fibers

 Aspect ratio of fiber

 Orientation of fiber

 Relative fiber matrix stiffness

Advantages of FRC…
 High modulus of elasticity for effective long-term
reinforcement, even in the hardened concrete.
 Does not rust nor corrode and requires no minimum cover.
 Ideal aspect ratio (i.e. relationship between Fiber diameter and length)
which makes them excellent for early-age performance.
 Easily placed, Cast, Sprayed and less labour intensive than
placing rebar.
 Greater retained toughness in conventional concrete mixes.
 Higher flexural strength, depending on addition rate.
 Can be made into thin sheets or irregular shapes.
 FRC possesses enough plasticity to go under large deformation
once the peak load has been reached.
Disadvantages of FRC…

 Greater reduction of workability.

 High cost of materials.

 Generally fibers do not increase the flexural strength of concrete,

and so cannot replace moment resisting or structural steel
reinforcement.
Applications of FRC…
 Runway, Aircraft Parking, and Pavements.
For the same wheel load FRC slabs could be about one half the thickness of
plain concrete slab. FRC pavements offers good resistance even in severe and
mild environments.
It can be used in runways, taxiways, aprons, seawalls, dock areas, parking and
loading ramps.
 Tunnel Lining and Slope Stabilization
Steel fiber reinforced concrete are being used to line underground openings
and rock slope stabilization. It eliminates the need for mesh reinforcement and
scaffolding.
 Dams and Hydraulic Structure
FRC is being used for the construction and repair of dams and other hydraulic
structures to provide resistance to cavitation and severe erosion caused by the
impact of large debris.
 Thin Shell, Walls, Pipes, and Manholes
Fibrous concrete permits the use of thinner flat and curved structural
elements. Steel fibrous shortcrete is used in the construction of
hemispherical domes.

 Agriculture
It is used in animal storage structures, walls, silos, paving, etc.

 Precast Concrete and Products

It is used in architectural panels, tilt-up construction, walls, fencing,
septic tanks, grease trap structures, vaults and sculptures.
 Commercial
It is used for exterior and interior floors, slabs and parking areas, roadways, etc.

 Warehouse / Industrial
It is used in light to heavy duty loaded floors.

 Residential
It includes application in driveways, sidewalks, pool construction,
basements, colored concrete, foundations, drainage, etc.
 Fiber Reinforced Concrete
• High Durability
• Protect steel from
Corrosion
• Lighter materials
• More expensive
• With the same volume,
the strength is greater
• Less workability
Normal Reinforced
concrete
• Lower Durability
• Steel potential to corrosion
• Heavier material
• Economical
• With the same volume,
the strength is less
• High workability as
compared to FRC.
Application of FRC in India & Abroad…

 More than 400 tones of Steel Fibers have been used in the construction of
a road overlay for a project at Mathura (UP).
 A 3.9 km long district heating tunnel, caring heating pipelines from a
power plant on the island Amager into the center of Copenhagen, is lined
with SFC segments without any conventional steel bar reinforcement.
 Steel fibers are used without rebars to carry flexural loads at a parking
garage at Heathrow Airport. It is a structure with 10 cm thick slab.
 Precast fiber reinforced concrete manhole covers and frames are being
widely used in India.
Pavement with steel fibre reinforced concrete
 Increase in compressive strength of concrete:

⦿ Specimens without any fibers after  Specimens with fibers after

compression test compression test
 Increase in tensile strength of concrete:

⦿ Specimens without any fibers  Specimens with fibers

after split tensile test. after slip tensile test.
 Increase in impact strength of concrete:

⦿ Specimens without any fibers after  Specimens with fibers after

compression test compression test
 Increase in shear strength of concrete:

⦿ Specimens without any  Specimens with fibers after

fibers after shear test. shear test.
GFRC project at Trillium
Building Woodland Hills,
California
Footbridge in
Fredrikstad,
Norway
SFRC used at Tehri
Dam, Uttarakhand
 Conclusion…

 The total energy absorbed in fiber as measured by the area under the load-
deflection curve is at least 10 to 40 times higher for fiber-reinforced
concrete than that of plain concrete.
 Addition of fiber to conventionally reinforced beams increased
the fatigue life and decreased the crack width under fatigue loading.
 At elevated temperature SFRC have more strength both in
compression and tension.
 Cost savings of 10% - 30% over conventional concrete flooring systems.