Year 7 BIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: B1a Organisms - Cells

KEY WORDS KEY FACTS

1 Key components of an animal cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
and mitochondria. (Diagram A)
2 Key components of a plant cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and
mitochondria. In addition to these plant cells also have a cell wall, vacuole and
chloroplasts. (Diagram B)
3 Respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
Respiration releases energy which can be used for other processes in the
organism.
4 Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis requires energy which the plant gets from sunlight.
5 Some examples of specialised cells are: Nerve cells, Red Blood cells, Sperm and
Egg cells, Leaf cells and Root Hair cells. You should know how these cells are
specially adapted to their jobs.
6 Substances such as glucose (needed for the plant as an energy source) and
carbon dioxide (waste product from respiration) need to move in and out of
cells.
7 Some substances can move in and out of cells by diffusion.
8 Water diffuses from the soil into the root hair cells of plants by osmosis. It is
then carried through the plant to all the cells to stop the plant from wilting.
9 The amoeba and euglena are examples of a unicellular organisms.

A: ANIMAL CELL B: PLANT CELL

Year 7 BIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: B1a Organisms - Cells
Year 7 BIOLOGY KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER: B1a Organisms - Cells
A MICROSCOPE is an optical instrument used to magnify objects, so small details can
be seen. In school we use a ‘Light’ microscope like the one below.

How to observe cells using a light microscope

1. Move the stage to its lowest position.
2. Place the object you want to observe on the stage.
3. Select the object lens with the lowest magnification.
4. Look through the eyepiece and turn the coarse-focus knob slowly until
you see your object.
5. Turn the fine-focus knob until your object comes into focus
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 using an objective lens with a higher magnification to
see the object in greater detail