At the back of your book:

DRAW and LABEL a simple plant and a simple

animal cell

LIST the structures:

- That are present in both plant and animal cell
- That are present in plant cells only
- That are present in animal cells only
 Plant and Animal cells
Today’s learning objective:
What are living organisms made of?

Learning outcome:
- Identify, describe, and compare the structure of a
plant cell and an animal cell, as seen under a light
microscope
- Relate the structure found in the plant and animal
cell to their functions
- Calculate magnifications and size of biological
specimens (in millimeters)
What is a cell?
 What is a cell?
A cell is the very smallest unit of living matter.

All living things, including plants and animals,

are made up of cells.
 How are we going to look at a plant cell?
1. Collect your equipment 2. Carefully peel a very thin
layer of cells from the onion

3. Gently place the sample

onto the slide

4. Stain the sample with iodine 5. Cover the sample with a

cover slip

6. Have a look at the cells and

draw what you can see
Collecting plant cell samples
 How are we going to look at an animal cell?
1. Collect your equipment 2. Carefully wipe the side of
your cheek with a cotton bud

3. Gently wipe the sample onto

the slide

4. Stain the sample with 5. Cover the sample with a

methylene blue cover slip

6. Have a look at your cells.

Collecting human cell samples
Recording what you can see:
Onion Cells
Recording what you can see:
Things outlined in black are probably air bubbles!
Get us to help you if you can’t see!

Cheek Cells
Recording what you can see:

Cheek Cells Onion Cells

Recording what you can see:

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cell Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm membrane
Cell
membrane Nucleus
Nucleus Vacuole

Nucleus
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Comparing animal and plant cells
Complete Structure of Plant and Animal Cell
sheet
 Animal Cells
NUCLEUS: ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
Cell’s control centre. RETICULUM:
Contains genetic material Where protein synthesis takes
place
CYTOPLASM:
Where chemical
reactions take RIBOSOMES:
place Where protein
synthesis takes place

MITOCHONDRIA:
Where RESPIRATION CELL MEMBRANE:
takes place Controls movement of
substances
 Mitochondria

What happens during RESPIRATION?

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + ENERGY

 Ribosomes and rough ER
ROUGH
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM:

All the proteins needed in the cell are made here –

protein synthesis
 Plant Cells
NUCLEUS:
Cell’s control centre. MITOCHONDRIA:
Contains genetic material Where RESPIRATION
takes place
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM:
Where protein synthesis CHLOROPLASTS:
takes place Contains green pigments,
chlorophyll, which traps
CYTOPLASM: the light energy needed
Where chemical for photosynthesis
reactions take
place CELL MEMBRANE:
Controls movement of
RIBOSOMES: substances
Where protein
synthesis takes place CELL WALL:
Made of cellulose - This provides
LARGE PERMANENT VACUOLE: support to the cell itself, and gives
This contains water and mineral salts in the plant cell its regular shape and
form of cell sap. The vacuole regulates the contributes to the overall semi-rigid
water content of the cell through osmosis structure of the plant.
N.B. Chloroplasts are only found in certain plants
cells, those which are photosynthetic (i.e. green
leaf cells). The large permanent vacuole and cell
wall are a feature of all plant cells.

Can you think of

any cells that don’t
have chloroplasts?
 Questions
- Answer the following questions:
(a) What is the difference between the shape
and the size of plant and animal cell?

(b) What makes their shapes differ?

 What shape is a cell?
Cells are not flat; they are usually three-dimensional (3D).

Most cells have three basic parts: the nucleus, cytoplasm

and cell membrane. They may also contain other small
structures called organelles, that perform specific jobs.
But the 3D shape of the cell is determined by its location
in the body and the job that it does.
RECAP QUESTIONS
Question 1
Which structures are present in animal and
plant cells?

1. Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane

2. Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm
3. Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
4. Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall
Question 2
Which structures are present only in
plant cells?

1. Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

2. Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole
3. Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm
4. Chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
Question 3
What is the function of the cell
membrane?

1. Supports and protects the cell

2. Controls the cell
3. Controls what enters and leaves the cell
4. Metabolic reactions occur here
Question 4
Where in the cell does protein
synthesis take place?

1. Nucleus
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribosomes
4. Vacuole
Question 5
What substance make up the cell wall?

1. Cellulose
2. Sucrose
3. Glucose
4. Cellulase
 Homework
3D Cell Models - design & construct a 3D plant or
animal cell that contains all of the major organelles of
that cell type.
Possible equipment:
- Clear plastic bags
- Small balls (ping pong / golf / cardboard)
- Thick liquid (e.g. jelly)
- Plasticine in various colours
- Cardboard boxes
 What do all the bits do?
What do the
Contain
chlorophyll –
Controls what where
happens in the
cell (contains
organelles do? photosynthesis
happens
DNA)
•Nucleus
Jelly-like •Cell membrane Contains cell
sap – keeps the
substance
where reactions •Cytoplasm cell firm
happen
•Chloroplast
Keeps
substances in
•Cell wall Made of
cellulose and
the cell and
controls what
•Vacuole supports the
cell
goes in and out
Compare Plant and Animal Cells:
Double Bubble

Animal Cell Plant Cell