REGIONAL PLANNING APPROACH

4.5 INVESTEMENT PLANNING REGIONS

• Areas which has potential for development due to economic factors.
• Problems faced : uncontrolled land confiscation and holding of land by private parties
• Lack of policies or plans leads to haphazard development of commercial and industrial activities and human
settlements along transportation nodes and routes.
• Unplanned growth – in eco-sensitive areas – resources are misused.
• Points the importance of planning of investment regions for economic development.
• Government started process of developing investment zones – examples : DMIC, Chennai Bangalore economic
corridor and Bangalore Mumbai economic corridor
• Several legislations are brought up by government to support the process. – SIR – Special Investment Region act
2009 – In Gujarat.
-Initiative to develop investment zones and encourage industrial activities in the state.
-Min area requirement – 100sq.km.
-40% of such regions are for industrial activities
4.5.1. APPROACH OF PLAN PREPARATION
•  Planning of investment regions – strategic decision making process – from :

Delineation of region boundary Identifying region having potential for attracting investment

• Techniques to delineate a region : based on parameters of demarcating areas:

delineation should be based on potential of development or investment that the node can
DEVELOPMENT OF NODES
attract

CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT depend on its hinterland

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•  Steps of delineating investment regions :
a. Identification  of  infrastructure  gaps  and  planning  for  providing  last  mile  connectivity  either  at 
regional or sub regional level as the case may be. 
b. Identification of main thrust sectors for investment. 
c. Identification of growth drivers and potential growth centres 
d. Market assessment – primary, secondary and tertiary  
e. Pre‐feasibility of the proposals  
• After evaluating the resources, the main areas are identified for economic development and overcome the bottlenecks.
• For making the regions investment friendly several market analysis techniques to be followed for arriving at viability of
region for generating investment and feasibility of main areas in terms of technicality.
• With this vision, economic profile of the region is made and realistic investment goals are targeted.
• At a given stage of planning, - board spatial plan &
- Indicative land use shall proposed to conceptualise the whole region.
• After approach of plan preparation , the vision for investment region should be encapsulated which then becomes the basis
for preparation of perspective plan of the region.

4.5.1.1 ASPECTS OF INVESTMENT REGION PLANNING

Land use policy & Identification of potential Integrated transport policy, Plan for regional
allocation of land nodes & counter magnets admin policy, law etc infrastructure linkages
Monitoring
Policy for economic Roles & responsibilities of systems &
Fund flow for development Indication of priority areas
development stakeholders social audit
mechnisms
Housing and shelter Protection of eco-sensitive Sustainable development Perspective plan defining
devlopment areas and conservation of resources influence zone

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4.5.2. CRITERIA FOR DELINEATION OF REGION

• While delineating regions, the forward and backward linkages of the parameters should be kept in mind.
• Some parameters are listed below:

a. Environment and land suitability

b. Demographic quality of life
c. Flows
d. Economic and investments
e. Others
• Its recommended that the planning region should have a nodal point which is either developed or developable to satisfy the
organizational needs of the region.

4.5.2.1. TECHNIQUES FOR DELINEATION

WEIGHTED INDEX NUMBER

FLOW ANALYSIS GRAVITATIONAL ANALYSIS
METHOD
In this method, some indices • Identifies the direction and intensity of • Identifies potential flow between
(parameters) are chosen and given flows centers other than actual flow
weights, total weights for each part is • Develops functional relationship between • Interaction between 2
separately calculated and areas with dominant centers and • centers is directly proportional to
similar weights are carved surrounding satellite towns mass Of centers and inversely
out. This area is termed as ‘region’. • flows plotted in linear graphs , following proportional to distance between
info can be obtained: centers.
Most intense and less intense flows into and out of
each centers
Hierarchy of nodes providing the form and extent of fu
nctional relationships within an area. Tij = ( pipj /d^2ij )

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4.6. SPECIAL AREA PLANNING REGIONS
Implies prudent use of all available resources to ensure optimum and sustained development of the region, towards improving
quality of life of people and to meet growing demands of increasing population.
Maintain fragile balance b/w development and conservation practices – by identification of problem areas and preparation of
location specific development plans.
• Special area requiring conservation:
4.6.1. ECO-SENSITIVE AREAS
• Area which has very diverse • Human activities – deteriorated ecological impacts in region – hence committee
yet fragile ecosystem constituted to give recommendations for its conservation
• Western Ghats – one of the
eco sensitive areas in India a. River basin‐level planning and decentralised management of water resources
• Several steps taken : Western b. Sustainable strategy of livestock development for the Western Ghats
Ghats Ecology Expert Panel – c. Convert tea estates to organic production with the integration of animal husbandry
2011 d. Promote systems of providing incentives to local people for conservation efforts
• Western Ghats – geological e. Strengthening the Rural Development department on issues related to non‐
characteristics, biological timber forest produce
landscape, richness in flora- f. Promote industries and services that involve dematerialization e.g. e‐commerce, tele‐
fauna species, spatial conferencing 
heterogeneity, high g. Promote  education  hubs  and  special  incentives  should  be  given  to  agro‐based 
conservation value and fruit  and  food  processing industries
ecological sensitivity. h. The  Zoning Atlas  for  siting  of  Industries  should  be  used as a  tool  for 
• Watershed – basic unit of decisionmaking at  various 
development of eco-sensitive levels for industry, regulatory authorities and the general public
areas. i. Exclusion of mining from ecologically sensitive areas/zones etc.
.

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4.6.2. SOCIO ECONOMIC SENSITIVE AREAS
• Areas which lack amenities due to an imbalance in the economic development of the region/nearby region and standard of
living of the residing population
• Culturally sensitive areas – e.g.. Tribal areas – lacking even basic amenities of health n education.
• Schedule 6- constitution of India – gives provisions for the tribal areas in N-E states of India.
• Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. – provisions for administrations of tribal areas.
• Hence planning and land development is not directly under State – but in Autonomous district councils.

4.7. LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FOR REGIONAL PLANNING

U-1, U2, U-3 TRANSPORTATION & T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 , T6

URBANIZABLE ZONE
COMMUNICATION ZONE

In regional plan, areas under existing development and those areas earmarked for transportation and communications – T
marked for future development are termed as U Zone Zones

INDUSTRIAL ZONE PRIMARY ACTIVITY ZONES PA-1, PA2, PA-3, PA-4

areas earmarked for industrial uses - areas earmarked for primary activities- PA Zone
service and light industry, extensive 
and heavy industry, special industrial zone or development o
f SIR, IT zones etc. shall be termed  as ‘I Zone’

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OPEN AREA ZONE O-1, O-2

Areas earmarked for leaving open spaces – O

Zone

PROTECTIVE & ECO-

SENSITIVE ZONE E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5

areas  earmarked  as  Protective  and  Eco‐

sensitive  Areas – E Zone
Undeveloped use zones identified as earthquake
prone, cliffs, environmentally hazardous areas,
areas near fault lines, areas with 45deg more
slope etc.

SPECIAL AREA ZONE S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4

zones specified keeping in view the special

characteristics of such pockets – S Zone

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4.8. COMPOSITION OF THE PLANNING COMMITEES
• Traditionally,  the  planning  bodies  in  India  have  remained  nominated,  starting  with 
the Chairperson and including the members
• Planning  bodies  are  increasingly  doubling  up  as 
Development Authorities and, in the process, they suffer from conflict of interest and  besides,  the  development  functions 
get  overwhelming  attention  to  the  detriment  of  the planning functions.
• To address those issues broad suggestions are given :
District /metropolitan planning committees and regional planning boards :

• The DPCs and MPCs constituted as per

framework indicated in 74th CAA.
• Total members – not exceeding 30.
Subject matter experts 3-4 – from fields of
spatial planning, agriculture, climate
issues and finance – should be nominated
as members.
• For  interstate  regions,  such  as 
the NCR,  Parliament  would  have  to  Regional development authorities and improvement trusts :
make  a  law,  in  consultation  with  the  • Same as DPCs/MPCs.
States  concerned,  for  constitution  of  • The Development Authorities should preferably not be combining the 
the  Regional  Planning  Board (RPB). planning,  regulatory  and  development  functions  all  in  one
• All  the  resources 
generated by way of fees etc. in approval of layouts should be sharabl
e with the local  bodies  (Panchayats  and  Municipalities) 

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