7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
meet identified needs and bring about
1. STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING
2. LAND-USE PLANNING
3. MASTER PLANNING
4. URBAN REVITALIZATION
5. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
6. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
7. INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
STRATEGIC URBAN PLANNING
• focuses on setting high-level goals and
determining desired areas of growth for
a city or metropolitan area.
• This is generally the highest level of the
planning process and other components
of planning typically will fit into this
type of plan.
LAND-USE PLANNING
• largely concerns legislation and policy,
adopting planning instruments like
governmental statutes, regulations,
rules, codes, and policies to influence
land use.
• basically, concerned with location and
amount of various land use areas such
as residential, commercial, religious,
cultural and other activities engaged in
by the residents of a city in conduct of
their life.
• assessing present and future needs and
matching it with supply:
• identifying and resolving conflicts
between competing uses, between the
needs of individuals and those of the
community, and between the needs of
the present generation and those of
future generations;
• seeking sustainable options that best
desired changes;
• should aim at integrated and
comprehensive planning
MASTER PLANNING
typically used for greenfield development
projects, or building on undeveloped land.
Instead of modifying pre-existing structures or
spaces, you're starting from scratch.
URBAN REVITALIZATION
• In contrast to master planning, it
focuses on improving areas that are in a
state of decline.
• The improvement tactics city leaders
use for revitalization will depend on the
root cause of decline, and may include
things like repairing roads, developing
infrastructure, cleaning up pollution,
and adding to parks and other public
spaces, etc.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
about identifying areas of growth to foster
greater financial prosperity within the city,
specifically by enticing companies to build or
move offices there.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
• type of strategic development that
emphasizes sustainability.
Considerations for this type of urban
planning include air pollution, noise
pollution, wetlands, habitats of
endangered species, flood zone
 susceptibility, and coastal zone erosion,
along with a host of other
environmental factors dealing with the
relationship between natural and
human systems.
• tool for environmental protection and
sustainable development of any area
from environmental point of view.
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
deals with the fundamental facilities and
systems that serve a city and its people, and
how those facilities can support goals laid out in
the strategic plan.
Many of the key focus areas of the city's
strategic plan rely on urban planning, but there
are three that stand out over the others:
- Growth & Natural Resources
- Safe, Vibrant & Healthy Community
- Transportation & Transit
CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
key player in the success of these focus areas
and the initiatives that support them. Having a
clear urban plan has allowed the city to make
improvements and be able to spread the
message that Raleigh is a "great place to live,
work, and play."
URBAN AREA
• characterized by higher population
density and vast human features in
comparison to areas surrounding it.
• may be cities, towns or conurbations,
but the term is not commonly extended
to rural settlements such as villages
REGION
geographic or areal unit with certain limits and
bounds. The unit may consist of a few villages or
a number of countries. A region may, therefore,
be thought of as an aerial or spatial organization
of varying dimensions.
PLANNING
• the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly
disposition of land, resources, facilities
and services with a view to securing the
physical, economic and social efficiency,
health and well-being of urban and rural
communities.
• a continuous, time-oriented and cyclic
process of identification and
achievement of goals
URBAN PLANNING
technique and method of development that
contributes to the organization, development
and evolution of urban areas and their
urbanizing environs, based on
■ economic, social, legal, aesthetic concepts
and conditions
in order to
■ promote the welfare of public and quality of
environment.
REGIONAL PLANNING
• specific type of planning, based on a
specific planning structure (regional
 system), for inducing public action
aimed at societal wellbeing.
• concerned fundamentally with the
society in the context of space.
• b) social environment
TRANSPORT PLANNING
The process of analysis of travel demand in a
city or region having regard to socio-economic,
land-use, and other factors and formulation of
policies, programs, plans and projects for its
efficient management.
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING
• to channelize various types of forces
such as physical, social, economic and
administrative in a planned manner to
create the total environment, which is
healthy, efficient and satisfying for
working, living, recreation and other
activities of human being.
• to provide healthy environment and
conveniences to the people of the area
by physical arrangement of land-use
pattern and structure.
SOCIALLY SUCCESSFUL PLANNING
• planning tends to make people's life
happier, because it results in physical
environment which is conducive to
health; facilitates social interaction and
gives visual attractiveness
• It increases wealth, by efficiently
arranging communication routes to
carry out human activities in a more
efficient and less wasteful manner
through proper spatial arrangement
THREE KEY ASPECTS OF URBAN/CITY
PLANNING:
a) physical environment
c) economic environment
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
includes its location, its climate and its proximity
to sources of food and water.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
includes the groups to which a city's residents
belong, the neighborhoods in which they live,
the organization of its workplaces. One of the
biggest issues in most cities is the inequitable
distribution of resources.
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Primary employers, such as manufacturing as
well as research and development companies,
retail businesses, universities, federal labs, local
government, cultural institutions, and
departments of tourism all play strong roles in a
city's economy.
LAND
• basic platform of all human activities
• scare resource
• Developed urban land is more scarce
LAND-USE
an activity performed on a parcel of land,
expressed by category, through color or
black/white hatch pattern.
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING NET DENSITY

• It is not merely a physical activity but of population divided by the plots, excluding roads
multidisciplinary nature covering and open spaces.
economic and social aspects
• Integration of old with the new
RECREATION AREAS

an area designated for recreational activities -

open spaces, play grounds, parks, botanical
gardens, golf course etc.

WATER BODIES

River, lakes, ponds, nallah (open drain)

PETRIC GEDDES RING ROAD

the founder of modern town and regional a circular road on all side of the proposed
planning. development/settlement

ACCESSIBILITY OD SURVEY

Available means of communication i.e. roads, Origin and Destination survey conducted to
rail etc. count vehicles coming from and going to
another area/city.

BASE MAP
PUBLIC LAND
map serving as the foundation for subsequent
planning - showing all physical features and the land vested with the government
existing land-use/built-up area of the area/city.

RESIDENTIAL LAND-USE
DENSITY OF POPULATION
the land category in a development or layout
population divided by the areas occupied by plan devoted to residential activity which may
houses be further sub-divided into zones/clusters by
nature (e.g. Primary residential, mixed
residential, informal residential), intensity (e.g.
GROSS DENSITY high, medium or law density), type (plotted or
flatted), ownership (individual or group
population divided by the area layout including housing).
roads and open spaces.
TOPO-SHEET • aims to encompass all scales of human
habitation and seeks to learn from the
map prepared by Survey of India for entire
archeological and historical record by
country, indicating every detail, e.g. road, rail,
looking not only at great cities, but, as
forest, river, canal, built-up area etc.
much as possible, at the total
settlement pattern.
• Nature & Goals of Settlement
CATCHMENT AREA OR DRAINAGE BASIN

area drained by a stream/river or other body of

water (the area and population from which a
facility or region attracts visitors or customers)
URBAN AGGLOMERATION (UA)
ACCORDING TO DOXIADIS
In order to create the cities of the future, we
need to systematically develop a science of
human settlements.

the out growths of urban areas have also been

incorporated in larger urban areas and are CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
designated as 'urban agglomeration' which
• By Ekistics Units
comprise:
• By Ekistics Elements
a) An urban area with continuous urban
outgrowth which is outside the statutory urban • By Ekistics Functions
limits but falling within the boundaries of the
adjoining village or villages; • By Evolutionary Phases

b) Two or more adjoining urban areas with their • By Factors & Disciplines
outgrowths, so as to form a continuous urban
spread;

c) Two or more adjoining areas without

outgrowths, but which form a continuous urban
spread.

EKISTICS

• coined by Greek architect and urban

planner Konstantinos Apostolos
Doxiadis in 1942.
• Applies to the science of human
settlements.
• Includes regional, city, community
planning and dwelling design. This
science, termed Ekistics, will take into
consideration
BY EKISTICS UNITS: FOUR BASIC GROUPS TOKYO

• Minor shells or elementary units World's largest metropolis

Man (Anthropos), room, house;

METROPOLIS

• MICRO-SETTLEMENTS A largely 1 consisting of multiple cities & tor 3

million people.
units smaller than, or as small as, the traditional
town where people used, do & still do achieve
interconnection by walking (housegroup, small
LARGE CITY
neighbourhood);
a city with large population & many services
having less than 1 million but over 3 lakhs
• MESO-SETTLEMENTS people.

between traditional town & conurbation within

which one can commute daily (small polis, polis,
CITY
small metropolis, small eperopolis, eperopolis);
and a city with abundant but not with as many
services as in a large city having over 1 lakh up
to 3 lakhs people
• MACRO-SETTLEMENTS

whose largest possible expression is the

LARGE TOWN
Ecumenopolis
Population of 20,000 to 1 lakh.

ECUMENOPOLIS
TOWN
The entire area of Earth taken up by human
settlements. population of 1,000 to 20,000.

MEGALOPOLIS VILLAGE
A group consisting of more than 10 million population of 100 to 1000
people each.

HAMLET
CONURBATION
tiny population (<100) and very few (if any)
A group of large cities & their suburbs, services, & few buildings
consisting of 3 to 10 million people. Also called
urban agglomeration.
ISOLATED DWELLINGS
1 or 2 buildings of families with negligible
services, if any.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF EKISTICS
• MAXIMIZATION OF HUMAN POTENTIALS
in a certain area, man will select the location
which permits a maximum of potential contact
• MINIMIZATION OF EFFORTS
a minimum of effort, terms of energy, time and
cost Man selects the most convenient routes
BY EVOLUTIONARY PHASES
MACRO SCALE
nomadic, agricultural, urban, urban industrial;
MICRO SCALE
specific area at a limited period of time
BY FACTORS & DISCIPLES
These pressures forced Capital Development
Authority (CDA) to alter the Master Plan of
Islamabad and upgrade the physical
infrastructure.
ISLAMABAD
• the new Capital of Pakistan, planned by
Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Doxiadis
Associates in the late 1950s, is now a
fast-growing city of about 1.5 million
inhabitants, forming, together with the
adjacent old city of Rawalpindi and a
National Park, a Metropolitan Area
• today is not what it was designed for.
• a "UNIQUE" example of a large new city
"PLANNED FOR THE FUTURE AND BUILT
FOR THE PRESENT", fully respecting the
long-term planning.
SPANISH OCCUPATION
BINONDO
Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by
Spanish Governor Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a
permanent settlement for converted Chinese
immigrants (called sangleys) across the river
from the walled city of Intramuros where the
Spaniards resided.
INTRAMUROS
It was built to protect the seat of the Spanish
government
CEBU
Following Magellan, Spanish explorers led by
Miguel López de Legazpi sailing from Mexico
arrived in 1565 and established a colony in the
island of Cebu. The Spaniards established
settlements, trade flourished and renamed the
island to "Villa del Santíssimo Nombre de Jesús"
(Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu
became the first European settlement
established by the Spanish Cortés in the
Philippines.
AMERICAN PERIOD
Baguio
The region around Baguio was first settled
primarily by the Kankana-eys and the Ibalois. In
the nearby town of La Trinidad, Spaniards
established a commandante or military garrison,
although Kafagway, as Baguio was once known,
was barely touched. In 1901 Japanese and
Filipino workers hired by the Americans built
Kennon Road, the first road directly connecting
Kafagway with the lowlands of Pangasinan.
Before this, the only road to Kafagway was
Naguilian Road. On September 1, 1909 Baguio
was declared a chartered city. The famous
American architect Daniel Burnham, one of the
earliest successful modern city planners, laid a
meticulous plan for the city in 1904. His plan
was, nevertheless, realized only to a small
extent, primarily due to growth of the city well
beyond its initial planned population of 25,000
people.
GOVERNMENT OFFICES ON HOUSING AND
SETTLEMENTS
• HUDCC
• HGC
• HLURB
• NHA
• NHMFC
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
COORDINATING COUNCIL (HUDCC)
created by then President Corazon C. Aquino to
serve as the highest policy making body for
housing and coordinate the activities of the
government housing agencies to ensure the
accomplishment of the National Shelter
Program.
HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD
(HLURB)
a national government agency tasked as the
planning, regulatory and quasi-judicial body for
land use development and real estate and
housing regulation.
NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY
a government-owned and -controlled
corporation under the administrative
supervision of the Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating Council and
classified under the Infrastructure Utilities
Group. Provides responsive housing programs
primarily to homeless low-income families with
access to social services and economic
opportunities with excellence while ensuring
corporate viability.
HOME GUARANTY CORPORATION (HGC)
the government-owned-and- controlled-
corporation (GOCC) mandated by law (Republic
Act 8763) to promote sustainable home
ownership by providing risk coverage or
Guarantees and tax/fiscal incentives to banks
and financial institutions/investors granting
housing development loans/credits, and home
financing.
HOME DEVELOPMENT MUTUAL FUND (HDMF)
more popularly known as the Pag-IBIG Fund,
was an answer to the need for a national
savings program and an affordable shelter
financing for the Filipino worker.
PAG-IBIG
Pagtutulungan sa Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko,
Industria at Gobyerno.
PHILIPPINE LAWS ON SETTLEMENTS
• Laws that Ensure Rational Land Use and
Sustainable Urban and Regional Development
• EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 72
Providing for the Preparation and
Implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use
Plans of Local Government Units Pursuant to
the Local Government Code of 1991 and Other
Pertinent Laws
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 54
Prescribing the Guidelines of Sec. 20, R.A. 7160,
Authorizing Cities/Municipalities to Reclassify
Lands into Non-Agricultural Uses
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 124
Establishing Priorities and Procedures in
Evaluating Areas for Land Conversion in Regional
Agricultural/Industrial Centres, Tourism
Development Areas Sites for Socialized Housing
• Laws that Regulate the Relationship between
Sellers, Developers and Buyers of Subdivision
Lots and Condominium Units, and provide
Quasi- Judicial and Criminal Remedies for
Breach of Statutory and Contractual Obligations
• SUBDIVISION AND CONDOMINIUM BUYER'S
PROTECTIVE DECREE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE
NO. 957 (AS AMENDED BY P.D. 1216)
Regulating the Sale of Subdivision Lots and
Condominiums, Providing Penalties For
Violations Thereof
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1216
Defining "Open Space" in Residential
Subdivision and Amending Sec. 31 of Pd 1957
Requiring Subdivision Owners to Provide Roads,
Alleys, Sidewalks and Reserve Open Space for
Parks or Recreational Use
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1344
Empowering the NHA to Issue Writ of Execution
in the Enforcement of its Decisions Under P.D.
957
BATAS PAMBANSA 220 REPUBLIC ACT 6552

An Act Authorizing the Ministry of Human Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act
Settlements to Establish and Promulgate
Different Levels of Standards and Technical
Requirements for Economic and Socialized
Housing Projects in Urban and Rural Areas from
Those Provided Under Presidential Decrees
Numbered Nine Hundred Fifty-Seven, Twelve
Hundred Sixteen, Ten Hundred Ninety-Six and
Eleven Hundred Eighty- Five

REPUBLIC ACT 7279

Urban Development and Housing Act. An Act to

Provide for a Comprehensive and Continuing
Urban Development and Housing Program,
Establish the Mechanism for its
Implementation, and for Other Purposes

REPUBLIC ACT 4726

The Condominium Act. An Act to Define

Condominium, Establish Requirements for its
Creation, and Govern its Incidents

REPUBLIC ACT 7899

Amending Sections 4 and 6 of R.A. 4726

EXECUTIVE ORDER 71

Devolution of HLURB Function to Approved

Subdivision Plan of LGUS

EXECUTIVE ORDER 184

Creating Socialized Housing One-Stop

Processing Centers