ASSIGNMENT II

AR 491 – CONSERVATION
GROUP MEMBERS
NAME REGISTRATION
NUMBER
SHIRAZI MANSURI A 21254/T.2018

HASSANI MOHAMMED S 21246/T.2108

RASHID KHALID M 22700/T.2018

MOHAMMED ABDULKADIRI M 21186/T.2018

MOHAMED MOHAMED S 22536/T.2018

 WORLD HERITAGE LIST WITH RESPECT TO UNESCO
World heritage is the designation of places on earth that are outstanding
universal value to humanity as such. This list is being protected by
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) for future generation to appreciate and enjoy.
Types of heritage
• Cultural
• Natural
• Mixed
• Some of the selected world heritage
• Site –Brasilia, Country- Brazil, notes- urban planning and Architecture
• Site – agra, country – india, notes – historic fort
• Site – Kilimanjaro, country – Tanzania
• Etc

Criteria for site selection

i. To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
ii. ii. To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a
cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts,
town-planning or landscape design;
• iii. To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization
which is living or which has disappeared;
• iv. To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble
or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
• v. To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is
representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially
when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
• vi. To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with
beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee
considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria)
• vii. To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic
importance;
• viii. To be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record
of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant
geomorphic or physiographic features;
• ix. To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological
processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine
ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;
• x. To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of
biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of science or conservation.
• MONITORING MECHANISM
Once a site is inscribed on the World Heritage List (and becomes a “World Heritage property”), the
State Party has to ensure that effective and active measures are taken for its protection, conservation
and presentation. To do so, States Parties are encouraged to establish services for the protection,
conservation and presentation of the heritage, to take appropriate legal, scientific, technical,
administrative and financial measures to protect the heritage, not to not take any deliberate measures
that directly or indirectly damage their heritage or that of another State Party to the Convention, and
finally to provide information to the World Heritage Committee on the implementation of the
Convention and on the state of conservation of their properties.
• A.3. WORLD HERITAGE IS IN DANGER
• The analysis identified eight major categories of threats, which were further subdivided into
subcategories. The threats included
• deterioration due to human or natural sources,
• development pressures caused by demographic growth or uncontrolled commercial or agricultural
developments,
• the extraction of natural resources (such as oil, gas, water, timber),
• large-scale development projects,
• aggressive and/or unsustainable tourism due to lack of adequate visitor management, and general
management deficiencies,
• often due to lack of resources and lack of clarity in the definition of the property and its boundaries.
• The Committee may include a property in the List of World Heritage in Danger when the
following requirements are met:
• i. the property under consideration is on the World Heritage List;
• ii. the property is threatened by serious and specific danger;
• iii. major operations are necessary for the conservation of the property;
• iv. assistance under the Convention has been requested for the property;
• V. an estimate of the cost of such operations has been submitted.
• REMEDIES
• The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (OG)
discusses various instruments used to realise the intentions of the Convention. The principal
instrument is the World Heritage List of properties of ‘outstanding universal value’ which are
worthy of special protection against the dangers which threaten them. Such properties also need
to satisfy the conditions of authenticity and integrity and to possess adequate long-term
legislative, regulatory, institutional and/or traditional protection and management to ensure their
safeguarding
• The Operational Guidelines outline a system of Periodic Reporting as well as a system of
Reactive Monitoring (OG, 169-176) so as to anticipate potential hazards, to mitigate associated
risks, and to act before a property becomes seriously threatened. These two instruments were
conceived to work in parallel. The Periodic Reporting is a broadly based approach to
programmed monitoring, organised to discern prevailing problems region by region, and refers
to reports that States Parties are requested to submit to the UNESCO General Conference
through the World Heritage Committee on the legislative and administrative provisions they have
adopted and other actions which they have taken for the application of the Convention, including
the state of conservation of the World Heritage properties located on their territories.
• Reactive Monitoring on the other hand, refers to ad-hoc reporting by the experts on behalf of the
World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to the Committee on the state of conservation of
specific World Heritage properties that are under threat.
The UNESCO World Heritage of
Japan
 What is UNESCO?
• It is the united Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. As of 2018, the
UNESCO 2018, the UNESCO list comprises 1092 sites.
• As of 2018, Japan has 21 world heritage sites including 4 natural, cultural 17 of mixed type.
Historical villages of Shirakawa-go and
Gokayama

Himeji castle

Hiroshima peace memorial

 Ogasawara Islands

Shiretoko Yakushima
Itsukushima Shrine
Fujisan
 LOCAL LEGISALTION

• Laws of the government are decided by the national government and at the prefectural level
• Major kyoto rules and regulation
• Smoking on the street
• Bicycle parking
• Fire work Littering
• Safety rules on unmanned air craft or drone Concerning the use and operation of residential
rental accommodation
STRENGTH POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES IN THE
PRACTISE OF CONSERVATION IN THE RESPECTIVE
COUNTRY
• There is more potential in protecting heritage sites for the respective country but also for the
whole word in general

• The theme for world heritage day this year complex pasts ,diverse future not only highlight
the urgency to preserve ,conserve and uplift the legacies of monument and culture.

• Now the following are the reasons why preserving culture heritage sites .
• Culture and heritage shapes human society. We all grew up on stories- mythologies, fables, historical
events glorifying our past which helped us construct our identities.
• Lack of latest technology and methods for conservation can also be a challenge in the current ever-
increasing pollution and climate change.

• Heritage, tangible as well as intangible, has a positive influence on many aspects of the way a
community develops

• The historic environment is a proven source of benefit to local economies, particularly through tourism.

• An attractive heritage benefits in attracting external investment as well as maintaining existing

businesses and not just tourism.
• Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is an important factor in creating sustainable communities.

• A greater social inclusiveness can be achieved through heritage protection.

• Heritage places are an excellent educational resource for people of all ages.

• World Heritage properties also harbor options for society to mitigate and adapt to climate change
through ecosystem benefits, such as water and climate regulation as well as carbon that is stored
in world forest sites.
 CHALLENGES FOR MANAGEMENT
OF HERITAGE SITES
• Every city is promoted by the local governments by identifying its unique heritage in terms of
architecture observed in palaces, forts, temples, individual houses or neighbourhoods.

• It is challenging to manage and protect the vast rich cultural heritage of japan especially due to
lack of proper funds.

• Moreover, apathy on the part of common public, government and other stakeholders results in
complete neglect of sites of historical and cultural significance.
 MEASURES FOR MANAGEMENT OF
HERITAGE SITES

• What can we as citizens do? Apart from trained manpower and funds can we as citizens
come together and adopt a site? Use available resources to preserve, and protect the local
heritage sites which in turn can draw attention from larger funding bodies for
safeguarding our cultural heritage.

• It is our civic responsibility to acknowledge and honor the heritage and traditions of not
only our own communities but also those of others.
 CONCLUSION;

We must also make the necessary efforts to overcome the outdated and archaic narratives
and ideologies which will help lead us to a more tolerant and respectable future. Our
involvement in the World Heritage Day is a step in the right direction to achieve our goals
of inclusivity and understanding the multiplicities of the various communities and cultures
across the world. We must pledge to contribute to this great cause of honoring the
reverential heritage of monumental sites as well as the multifaceted heritage of diverse
cultures and communities across the world.
Reference
1. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Reactive monitoring Process
2. World heritage criteria - DAWE
3. World Heritage site - Select World Heritage sites | Britannica
4. Kyoto city of zen by Judith Clanty