The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence from its origins in ancient Greek myths to modern machine learning techniques. It notes that the term "artificial intelligence" was first coined in 1956 and describes early work in logic and self-teaching machines. The document also examines different approaches to artificial intelligence like expert systems, neural networks, and robotics. It concludes that while progress has been made, creating perfectly human-level artificial intelligence remains an ongoing challenge.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence from its origins in ancient Greek myths to modern machine learning techniques. It notes that the term "artificial intelligence" was first coined in 1956 and describes early work in logic and self-teaching machines. The document also examines different approaches to artificial intelligence like expert systems, neural networks, and robotics. It concludes that while progress has been made, creating perfectly human-level artificial intelligence remains an ongoing challenge.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence from its origins in ancient Greek myths to modern machine learning techniques. It notes that the term "artificial intelligence" was first coined in 1956 and describes early work in logic and self-teaching machines. The document also examines different approaches to artificial intelligence like expert systems, neural networks, and robotics. It concludes that while progress has been made, creating perfectly human-level artificial intelligence remains an ongoing challenge.
communication in a foreign language (English) Azerbaijan Faculty: Energy and Automation Technical Specialization: Process automation University engineering Group: 272A2 Student: Elmin Abdullayev Teacher: Huseynova Kemale The term artificial intelligence was first used in 1956 by John McCarthy. When he used this phrase, he called artificial intelligence "the science and engineering of making machines intelligent."
Written ideas about intelligent machines and other
artificial devices can be found as far back as ancient Greek myths. Automated machines with intelligence have been developed since ancient times by Heron, Al Jazeera, Wolfgang von Kempelen, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Paracelsus and other inventors. Aristotle, who lived in the 4th century BC, laid the foundation for the theory of syllogism, which is the basis of the thinking of artificial intelligence. In 1275 Roman Llull invented his logical apparatus called Ars Magna. Machine learning loosely refers to the acquisition of knowledge of artificial intelligence and its working processes. This has been central to the science of artificial intelligence since its early days. At the Darmund Spring Conference in 1956, Ray Solomonoff wrote a paper on the possibility of a self-teaching machine, calling it the "Intuitive Inference Machine". There are two types of machine learning; without a teacher and with a teacher. Teacherless learning allows objects to be perceived as they are. And tutored learning helps with classification and regression analysis. Classification is used to clarify which category an object belongs to. Regression analysis is used to predict the output number by finding a function using the input numbers in the numerical series. During the training process, the correct answers of the machine are rewarded, and wrong answers are punished. The answer to the question of what artificial intelligence does is not completely clear. Every writer approaches this science from a certain aspect when writing a book about artificial intelligence.
Philosophically, there is still no answer to
the question of the nature and origin of human intelligence. There is no limit to computer "consciousness", but the creation of artificial intelligence has been given a number of hypotheses, such as the Turing test and the Newell-Simon hypophysis. Therefore, there are two ways to approach the problem of artificial intelligence:
Top-down, semiotics – expert
systems, knowledge and logical decision bases, creating systems that mimic high-level mental processes, such as thought, speech, art, etc.
Studying neural systems, performing
evolutionary computations, and building neurocomputers and biocomputers to model intelligences based on bottom-up, biological elements. This approach, given by John McCartney, is not part of the science of artificial intelligence, but only has the same goals. The field of robotics and the science of artificial intelligence are closely related. Using artificial intelligence in robotics and creating intelligent robots creates a new field of artificial intelligence science. It is necessary to work on intellectuality to manipulate objects, to find the location, to analyze the surrounding world and to plan the movement. Examples of robots with artificial intelligence are toy robots Pleo, Aibo, Grio, etc. can be shown. The role of artificial intelligence in performing various difficult calculations and other tasks is great. Artificial intelligence is a highly specialized field with many branches. Often, one area ofS I does not interact with another area. Some of its areas have developed to such an extent that they already function as a separate specialty. Creating an intelligence stronger than human intelligence is one of the main goals of AI.
There is no single answer to the question of what artificial
intelligence is. Almost every author who writes a book about AI defines any opinion about AI by taking into account the achievements of that science.
Philosophy does not resolve the issue of the image and
status of human intellect. Although a number of hypotheses have been proposed, such as the Newell-Simon hypothesis or the Turing test, there is no clear evidence that the computer has developed to a "reasonable" level. The development of the science of artificial intelligence can be divided into two directions: solving problems related to the convergence of specialized artificial intelligence systems with human abilities and integrations that realize human nature; Creating artificial intelligence based on already created artificial intelligence systems that can solve human problems. Currently, there is interest in many topics in the field of artificial intelligence, not fundamental, but practical. Many approaches have been used to create artificial intelligence, but no group has yet succeeded in creating a perfect artificial intelligence.