PAKISTAN’S RELATION WITH

MAJOR POWERS

Presented by: Ahmed

Fakhara
Col. Hasham
Haider
 SEQUENCE

• Theoretical Framework by Ahmed

• Pakistan and US Bilateral Relations by Fakhara
• Pakistan and China Bilateral Relations by Col
Hasham
• Pakistan and Russia Bilateral Relations by Haider
• Conclusion
 NEO-CLASSICAL REALISM

System
Level
Factors
Why Neo-classical realism?
Emergence of Neo-classical realism
Major Proponents
Foreig
Three Levels of Analysis n
• System Level Analysis Policy
State Individua
• State Level Analysis Level l Level
Factors Factors
• Individual level Analysis
• Neo-classical realism explains the process with the help of three
variables.
• Dependent
• Independent
• Intervening Variable
PAKISTAN US BILATERAL RELATIONS
 PAKISTAN AND BILATERAL TIES WITH
US

Historical Background
• United States of America remains one of the first
countries to have established diplomatic ties with
Pakistan. Although during the initial years of
Pakistan, the country had the options of building
allegiance with Soviet Union or United States,
however, Pakistan opted for the latter.
• Although the relationship dates to October 20, 1947,
it can be extrapolated that the relations have been
based strictly on military and economic support.
 TIMELINE OF US-PAKISTAN
RELATIONS

1950’s-1960’s
• Liaqat Ali khan’s visit
• Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (1954)
• Leasing Peshawar Air Station (1956)
1960’s-1970’s
• Pro-American Sentiments high in west Pakistan
• Increased Aid
 CON’T

1970’s-1980’s
• Pakistan becomes a US ally during Cold War despite the
trade embargos
• Providing military aid to Pakistan against India (1971 War)
• Embargoes tightened
• Nuclear Proliferation
1980’s to 1990’s
• Warm relations
• More military aid
• Pressler agreement
 CON’T

2000’s-2010’s
• Strategic allies in the war against terror
• Lifting of all sanctions
• Forgave loan (2003)
• Non-NATO ally (2004)
• Report (2007)
• Air Strike (2008)
• Kerry Lugar Bill (2009)
• Drone Strikes (2011)
• OBL operation
 THEORETICAL LENSE

In order to take a critical insight into US-Pak relationship

and identify the drivers behind it, Neo classical realism is
used. According to Neo classical realism,
• Structural realism focuses on the systemic and the
structural factors. its three levels of analysis.
System Level Analysis
 State Level Analysis
 Individual Level
KEY DRIVERS OF PAKISTAN-US BILATERAL TIES

From US its Pakistan’s geo strategic importance that has always

attracted US
• Against USSR
• War on terror
• Withdrawal from Afghanistan
From Pakistan however the driving forces behind the
relationship were different
• Military Assistance
• Economic Aid
• Post 9/11 “With Us or Against Us”