Internet

of 
Things (IoT)

5 December 2022
 What is IoT?
IoT describes the network of physical objects
("things”) that are embedded with sensors,
software, and other technologies for the purpose
of connecting and exchanging data with other
devices and systems over the internet or other
communication networks.

This connecting of assets enables the capture of

data from which one can learn behaviour and
usage, react, or make changes
to business processes. 

IoT is a foundational capability for creating a digital

business.

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 Major Components / Requirements for IoT
Gateway Analytics
The collected data from the devices and sensors
 Various algorithms are applied to the data
are then sent to the gateway where some pre-
for requisite analysis​
processing of data is done. The gateway also
acts as a level of security for the network and
transmitted data.​

Devices or Sensors Cloud / Server User Interface

The devices are fitted with sensors and actuators to The collected data are then User can monitor and control the
collect data from the environment.  uploaded to a cloud and/or server. data in this final component.​
Common sensors could be temperature sensors ,
thermostats, pressure sensors, humidity / moisture
level sensors, light intensity detectors, moisture
sensors, proximity detectors, & RFID tags
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 Analysis & Development
Healthcare
1. Patient Monitoring: 1.
Monitoring health,
wellness and disease
management
2. Drug Management:
Improve treatment 2.
outcomes and reduce re-
admission
3. On Premise Patient
Experience: Provide 3.
smart beds, reduce wait
time, load management
Government /
Manufacturing
Smart Cities
Predictive Maintenance: 1.
Actively monitor state of
equipment to predict
repair and reduce
replacement
Connected Operations:
Connected machines with 2.
real time data and improve
operational excellence
Asset Tracking in Supply
Chain: Optimise logistics
and oversee components 3.
of supply chain
Real Estate
Infrastructure 1. Security Risk:
Monitoring and Control: Management locks, video
Monitoring of public surveillance and staff 
infrastructure such as
2. Estate Management:
energy facilities to reduce
Monitor air quality,
repair cost
building temperature,
Road and Traffic occupancy
Management: Improve
3. Smart Home: Enhance
traffic flow and gather
security, lifestyle, and
transportation related data
reduce energy
points
consumption
Disaster Prevention:
Monitor air quality, water
levels, seismic activities
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Examples of IoT devices in
everyday life
There are several top IoT devices in the market, such as:

● Smart Mobiles
● Smart refrigerators
● Smart watches
● Smart fire alarms
● Smart door locks
● Smart bicycles
● Medical sensors
● Fitness trackers
● Smart security systems and others

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Case Study

Changi Airport

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 Overview of Changi Airport
Passenger Movements Commercial Flights Airfreight Movements

YTD 23.6 Mil  YTD 170

Monthly 21.8 K
K YTD 155 K
Monthly 3.69 Mil Monthly 152 K

Using IoT to Meet the Airport's Business Purpose

1. Maintain lead as the top int'l airport

2. Relieve labour crunch and capacity pressure of increasing passengers, flights and freights volumes

3. Address risk of terrorism, smuggling of illegal substances and tracking of criminals

4. Ensure runways are free of birds, floods and other problems that could restrict aircraft take off and landings

5. Maintain a Forest Valley in a man-made building and keeping F&B outlets hygienic and free of pest
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Changi Airport IoT Showcase (1)
Smart Parking
Intelligent filters
Sensors
to control
controlling
amount of light
climate &
into Forest Valley
humidity
Google Drain for
Temperature flood prevention
Sensors to & alert
2000 CCTVs using keep within
AI to capture 23 degrees
 passenger celsius
abnormal activity

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Changi Airport IoT Showcase (2)

FCU LEAK
DETECTION

AED RODENT
MONITORING MONITORING ROBOT BIN SENSORS
CLEANING
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Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks related to IoT

Confidentiality (Privacy) Integrity
WHAT IF... WHAT IF...
Your legacy systems, once The data that you collect via IoTs,
SECURITY
stand-alone and unconnected, is inaccurately transmitted into
are now hacked via IoT and dashboards? 
data is stolen? Can you trust the numbers to make
the right decisions?

Availability WHAT IF…

Your legacy systems, once stand-alone and
unconnected, succumb to a botnet attack and the
systems go down in a single point of failure?

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 Statistics
60%
of IoT devices are
>95%
of all IoT device traffic is
vulnerable to medium- unencrypted2
or high severity
attacks1

72%
of organisations
56%
of organisations expect to
experienced an be compromised via an
increase in endpoint endpoint or IoT-originated
and IoT security attack within the next 12
incidents in 2021 months

1 & 2 Source: 2020 Unit 42 IoT Threat Report

3 Source:  2020 Endpoint and IoT Zero Trust Security Report 11

How risks can be mitigated
Protect device security
• Monitor inventory of IoT devices
• Maintain up-to-date device updates
• Strong passwords / authentication policy
• Implement physical / logical access controls
• Implement loosely coupled systems

Protect individuals' privacy

• Collect only data that is necessary
• Implement data retention policy

Protect data security

• Understand what data is collected and where it is stored
• Encrypt data
• Implement principle of least privilege and proper
segregation of duties 12
What makes IoT a catalyst for Digital Transformation?

Easy Implementation Data-Driven Insights

Facilitate New Business

Models Automate Decision-Making

Increase Employee and Happier Customers

Customer Engagement

1 Source: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/iot-value-set-to-accelerate-through-2030-where-and-how-to-capture-it 13
 Growing opportunities in IoT

13 Bil 25 Bil  $4-11 Tril

IoT devices by in economic
connected IoT
2030 value by 2025
devices around
the globe

• The IoT technology stack has advanced over the past five years—in the meantime, each layer holds significant market
growth opportunities. Device-enablement platforms have an especially strategic advantage of enabling related IoT growth
while still in their own growth phase.

• IoT can dramatically enhance operational and capital efficiencies across entire ecosystems

• But there is no silver-bullet use case, the use of IoT should be grounded in business outcomes

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Thank you

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Annexes

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 Why is IoT important?
It is one of the top five game-changing
technologies that will have a great impact on
the economy by:
The market for IoT is projected to grow at a
CAGR of 26.4%, from US$478.4 million in 2022
to US$2.46 trillion in 2029, facilitated
by improvements and decreasing cost
of technology1

Increasing Facilitating new

employee and business models
customer US$2.46T
engagement

Improving
efficiency Transforming many
enterprises into
digital businesses
US$478.4M

Building automation will be the fastest growing sector, followed by

automotive (connected cars) and healthcare (monitoring of chronic conditions)2​

1 Source: Fortune Business Insights

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2 Source: Gartner
Markets for the IoT technology layers hold significant opportunities

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1 Source: "Growing Opportunities in the Internet of Things", McKinsey & Company, 2019.
IoT helps to meet the airport's business purpose

● Maintain lead as the top int'l airport

● Relieve labour crunch and capacity pressure of

increasing passengers, flights and freights volumes

● Address risk of terrorism, smuggling of illegal

substances and tracking of criminals

● Ensure runways are free of birds, floods and other

problems that could restrict aircraft take off and
landings

● Maintain a Forest Valley in a man-made building

and keeping F&B outlets hygienic and free of pest

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0
Changi Airport: IoT & Impact
Key IoT Application Area Impact

Autonomous Guided vehicle to ferry passengers between terminals, Optimizing manpower & infrastructure resources
Cleaning Robots applying smart controls to manage infrastructure resources, to clean and tend to urgent areas, sensors to manage
analyze  and predict  energy and water efficiently and predict maintenance
maintenance and impact on downtime on staff & travellers.

Strengthening Using sensors to capture travellers and visitor data

Lifestyle strengthen airport lifestyle products, manage transport
product offering options and track estimated wait time. 

Airport Security Use of non-intrusive technology to enhance passenger To maintain No.1 status, aim is to be as secure and using
experience and reduce stress of undergoing  automation to b enon-intrusive so as to enhance
security clearance (over 2K closed -circuit TV using AI to passenger experience and reduce stress of undergoing 
track passenger abnormal activities. security clear

New Computed Tomography security screening produces Helps to keep bag checks to bare minimum process, this
3D images of bags for more effective checks will reduce the need for removal of electronic items. 
and eliminating removal of laptops & other electronic items.
(T5)

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Changi Airport: IoT & Impact (Cont’d)
Key IoT Application Area Impact

Smart Parking @ Using 140 directories strategically located using data and Helps passengers to navigate across terminals, find
Changi Airport real time information  the busiest spots, provide info and to locate cars among
the 2500 parking lots. 

Smart Forest Using sensors to monitor and track the right amount of light,
Valley UV and heat for different species of plants, maintaining
climate temperature to 23 degrees.
Keeps Jewel's Forest Valley operating at constant
temperature, humidity and intelligently adjust sunlight
towards plants that need specific lighting. IoT  sensors
adjust accordingly to changes for maximum
optimization. 

Google Drains (fla Use of sensors to monitor drain conditions to prevent and Flooding to runways impact flights schedules and can
sh flood defence) alert on flash floods along Airport Boulevard and within the even cause accidents. By preventing drains from being
airfield.  clogged and anticipating weather and flash floods in
advance, accidents and potential flooding can be fixed
ahead of time. 

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HDB MyIoT Applications (IoT sensors)
The Housing & Development Board (HDB) with Internet of Things
With sensors integrated into the system, making asset management easier, monitoring in real-time, and safe.

Cleaners and equipment can be tracked to know

1.
their whereabouts at all times.
Detect crowd concentration or count people
2.
using toilets or other facilities.
Cleaning and inspection records can be
3. updated using NFC and checked online.
Systems will also trigger alert as well.

Safety equipment is tracked to ensure they are

4. always at their location e.g. fire extinguisher,
AED, etc.
Beacons with proximity sensors to detect if
5.
people are nearby restricted areas.
Beacons with hall sensors to detect if
6.
emergency exits have been opened.
Feedback on toilet/area cleanliness by the
7. public can help to improve cleaning schedules
using AI.
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 What's next?
While embarking on a digital transformation journey - be it changing business
processes or business models - it is critical to start with a clear strategy, set up
the organization for success, and continuously monitor results to determine how
best to correct course.   
Five guiding questions:

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 Steps to take to build scalable & secure IoT solutions

1. Focus on understanding the business benefits that can be realized through IoT. A

lack of this understanding is normally the main reason for no coordinated action on IoT
across the organization.
2. Explore the internal efficiency benefits initially, as these are easier to identify —
particularly if you operate in an asset-intensive industry.
3. Research the sourcing of an IoT platform that will serve the needs of the enterprise
as a whole.
4. Take extreme care over security and privacy issues as you build the solution. The
risks are considerable, and you must consider both digital and physical security in your
solution.
5. Consider carefully which system integrators or consulting firms you look to
partner with if you need assistance. Remember that decisions made at this stage will
have a long-term impact on the business.
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