MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Lesson 1: Normal Distribution
Outline

• Normal Distribution
• Standard Normal Distribution
• Finding Areas under the Normal Curve
• Finding the z-scores
• Application of the Normal Distribution
• Examples
Normal Distribution (z-distribution)

• Continuous probability distribution

• Uses interval or ratio level of measurement
Properties of the Normal Distribution

• It is a bell-shaped curve
• The total area under the normal curve is 1.
• The tails of the normal curve are asymptotic to the
horizontal axis
• The curve is symmetrical to the mean
• It is determined by two parameters, µ and 
• The mean, median and mode have equal values
The Standard Normal Distribution

• Same as the Normal distribution, including the properties

EXCEPT
and
The Standard Normal Distribution

• Same as the Normal distribution, including the properties

EXCEPT
and
The Standard Normal Distribution

• Same as the Normal distribution, including the properties

EXCEPT
and
Finding Areas under the Normal Curve

• Concept of probability will be used:

• Table of Areas under the Normal Curve will be used
• Three things to remember when using the z-distribution
• Draw the bell-shaped curve
• Shade the appropriate area
• Solve using the Table of Areas under the Normal Curve
Table of Areas under the Normal Curve
Finding Areas - Examples

1.
Finding Areas - Examples

1.
Finding Areas - Examples
1.
 Finding Areas - Examples

1. 2.
 Finding Areas - Examples

1. 2.
Finding Areas - Examples
Finding Areas - Examples
Finding Areas - Examples
Finding Areas - Examples
Finding Areas - Examples

0.5 + 0.2123
Finding Areas - Examples

3. 4.

0.5 + 0.2123 0.4846 + ? = 0.5000

Finding z-values - Examples

5.
Finding z-values - Examples

5. is the same as
Finding z-values - Examples

5. is the same as

z-value of 0.4200 is 1.41 (0.4207)

0.42 + 0.42 = 0.84

Finding z-values - Examples

6. The area to the right of z is 0.6664. What is the z-value?

z-value of 0.1664 is – 0.43

0.1664 + 0.5000 = 0.6664

Application of the Normal Distribution

Transformation to the z-score:

If the area is given,

Application of the Normal Distribution - Example

• The grocery store at the corner of a busy street has

an average petty cash of Php3,500 and a standard
deviation of Php500. Assuming that the petty cash
are normally distributed.
a. Find the probability that the petty cash is over Php3,550
b. Find the probability that the petty cash is less than
Php4,000.
c. What is the probability that the petty cash is between
Php3,000 and Php3,700?
Application of the Normal Distribution -
Example
a. find the probability that the petty cash is over Php3,550
3550− 3500
𝑧= = 0.1(0.0398)
500

• The probability that

the petty cash is
over Php3550 is
0.4602.
0.0398 + ? = 0.5000
Application of the Normal Distribution -
Example
b. find the probability that the petty cash is less than
Php4,000. 4000 −3500
𝑧= =1(0.3413)
500

The probability that

the petty cash is less
than Php4,000 is
0.8413.
0.5000 + 0.3413 = 0.8413
Application of the Normal Distribution - Example

c. What is the probability that the petty cash is between

Php3,000 and Php3,700? 3000 − 3500
𝑧 1= =− 1(0.3413)
500
3700 − 3500
𝑧2 = =0.4( 0.1554)
500
The probability that the petty
cash is between Php3000
0.3413 + 0.1554 = 0.4967 and Php3700 is 0.4967.
Application of the Normal Distribution - Example

If the mean is 100 with a standard deviation of 15, what

value marks the upper 10% of the data?
The z-value of 0.4000 is – 1.28(0.3997)

The value that marks the

upper 10% of the data is
80.8.
0.4000 + 0.5000 = 0.9000