INDIAN INSTITUTE OF

HANDLOOM TECHNOLOGY,
VARANASI

SUBJECT-
YARN MANUFACTURING

REPRESENTED BY-
ANUSHKA MISHRA
ANURADHA CHAUDHARY
( B.TECH 2ND YEAR )
 AIM :

Comparative study of ring spinning

And modern spinning , latest trends .
 CONTENT :
• What is spinning ?
• Types of spinning
• Ring spinning ( Conventional spinning)
• Modern spinning ( Unconventional spinning)1.
1. Rotor spinning
2. Air-jet spinning
3. Friction spinning
• Reference .
WHAT IS SPINNING ?

1. Spinning processes contrive to clean

the fibers .
2. Spinning is twisting technique to form
yarn from fibers.
3. Spinning preparatory processes are –
a. Bale opening
b. Removal of objectional faults
c. Dust removal
d. Mixing/ blending
4. Spinning yarns are – staple yarn,
filament yarn and multi-component
yarn.
 TYPES OF SPINNING

Ring spinning Modern spinning

Rotor Air-jet Dref

spinning spinning spinning
1.RING SPINNING (CONVENTIONAL)
• Ring spinning machine was invented in the year
1828 by American JOHN THORP.

• Ring spinning input is roving .In this process of

roving are drafted, twisted and finally we get the
yarn.
• Ring spinning speed :
• Ring spinning  to make a very fine, strong, soft
rope of cotton, polyester or a combination of the
fibers.
• Ring spinning method of fibres such as cotton, wool,
flax to make yarn.

• Ring spinning advantages are :

1. Spinning of fine count yarns.
2. Proper for special yarns.
3. It is flexible as regards quantities(blend and lot s
4. Fine yarn can be produced as compared to open- end
system.

• Ring spinning disadvantages are:

1. The high speed of the traveler damages the fibers.
2. Energy cost is very high.
3. More hairiness.
2. MODERN SPINNING (UNCONVENTIONAL)

• Modern spinning is newer spinning system.

• This spinning increase the fineness of yarn,

strength etc.

• The new modern spinning system include are :

1. Rotor spinning
2. Air-jet spinning
3. Friction spinning

• The structures of yarn obtained from theses

systems are also different and vary in many
aspects.
A. ROTOR SPINNING :

• Rotor spinning is also called open-end spinning system.

• Drawn Sliver is fed into the machine and combed and
individualized by the opening roller.
• Rotor spinning is used as an alternative to the ring
spinning of short staple yarns.
• Delivery speed up to 200 m/min.
• Twisting element : rotor.
• Specialty :no need for comber, simplex, autoconer.
• Advantages of rotor spinning are:
1. High speed of Twist insertion resulting in very high
Yarn delivery.
2. Large delivery package size.
3. Production rate of rotor spinning is 5 to 7 time higher
than that of ring spinning.
4. Rota yarn are used in numerous products such as
Denim, towels, blanket ,socks, t-shirt , shirt ,pants .

• Disadvantage of Rotor spinning are:

The main disadvantage is that rotor spun yarns are not as
strong as ring spun yarn, and maximum tenacity of
rotor spun yarn is at least 10-30%.
B. Air-jet spinning :
• A spinning system in which yarn is made by
wrapping fibres around a core stream of fibres
using compressed air.
• It is also known as vortex or fasciated yarn
spinning.
• The feed material is drawn frame sliver.
• Delivery speed 150-300 m/min
• Count range 7.5-30tex ; Ne 20-80.
• Raw materials synthetic fibers and blends
(combed cotton)
• Yarn characteristics reasonable strength, low
hairness, rough outer surface.
• THE MAIN ADVANTAGE of air jet spinning is
can be found in two main directions :
efficiency and flexibility.
1. The efficiency of the methods is attributed to
the high production speed of spinning
machines up to 500 m/min.
2. Totally saves labor and energy.

• DISADVANTAGE :
1. The biggest disadvantage is difficulty of
spinning 100% cotton yarns.
2. Due to their particular structure and
insufficient strength.
3. The cost is high than others.
C. FRICTION SPINNING :
• Friction spinning is also called as DREF spinning.

• Process of yarn making is done when friction in

the spinning zone drum rotate in opposite
direction and impact twist to fiber.

• The DREF system is used to produce yarns with

high delivery rate about 300 rpm.

• The end down rate in friction spinning is very low

and yarn can be withdraw from the nip of drums
at very high speed say 300 m/min.

• This making friction spinning more productive

than ring and rotor spinning.
• Advantages:
1. Greater flexibility of processing a wide range of fibres.
2. Bulkier and softer handle.
3. Low yarn production cost.
4. Low end breakage rates.
5. Elimination of rewinding.
6. Large package is made.

• Disadvantages:
1. Low yarn strength.
2. High tendency to snarl.
3. High air consumption.
4. Difficulty in keeping spinning conditions constant.

• Types of DREF Friction Spinning Process :

• 1. DREF-1
• 2. DREF-2
• 3. DREF-3
• 4. DREF-5
• 5. DREF-2000
6. DREF-3000
• Reference :

• https://www.textileschool.com/349/ring-spinning-process/
• https://textilelearner.net/ring-spinning-machine-drafting-system/
• https://www.slideshare.net/ac1dt/air-jetspinningofcottonyarns
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Principle-of-Rotor-spinning-Sheikh-
E

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/air-jet-spinning
• Images from google.
THANK YOU.