INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HANDLOOM TECHNOLOGY,

CHOWKAGHAT,
VARANASI

PRESENTED BY:
Shilpa Mishra
Shivam Bhardwaj
BATCH: B.Tech 3rd semester

DEPARTMENT: HANDLOOM AND TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

 TOPIC
TO STUDY ABOUT THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF SIZING INGRADIENT AND
ITS APPLICATION
 CONTENT
Introduction to Sizing
Objectives Of Sizing
Types Of Sizing
Size Ingredients
Application Of Sizing
Reference
What is sizing ?
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn
for weaving specially with cotton yarn.

The process of applying an adhesive coating on the warp yarn to

minimize yarn breakage during weaving is known as sizing.

It also maintain good fabric quality by reducing

hairness , weaknes ,and increases smoothness.

It is termed as“Heart of the weaving”.

 OBJECTIVE OF SIZING
1. Increase the smoothness.
2. Improve the weave ability of warp yarn.
3. Reduce hairness of warp yarn.
4. Increase the elasticity.
5. Increase the strength.
6. Remove the projecting fibers.
 SIZING PROCESS INVOLVE

WARPING BEAM

SIZING

DRYING

LEASING

WEAVER’S BEAM
 TYPE OF SIZING

Sizing process is classified into four types, which are pointed out in the
below:
Pure sizing,
Light sizing,
Medium sizing,
Heavy sizing.
 PURE SIZING
 This type of sizing is done for unbleached fabric. 3-10% are used on the
weight of fabric.
 LIGHT SIZING
This type of sizing is used for dyeing and printing of woven fabric. 11-15
% size ingredients.are used on the weight of fabric.
 MEDIUM SIZING
This type of sizing is used for increase of strength and weight of
fabric 16-40 % size ingredients are used on theweight of fabric.
 HEAVY SIZING
This type of sizing used for increase the weight twisted and lower count
yarn. Above 40 % size ingredients are used on the weight of fabric
 SIZING INGREDIENT

The chemical to be used in the preparation of sizing liquir is called sizing

ingredients.

Sizing Ingredient is classified into two categories:

1. Primary sizing ingredients
It contains gum,softening agent,Antiseptic agent etc.
2. Secondary sizing ingredients
It contains Wetting agent,antifoaming agent etc.
 GUM
This material is the base off size.
It is of two types
1.NATURAL: Starch,corn flour
2.SYNTHETIC :Cellulose,alcohol

Function of gum:
1.To coat the warp yarn with the film Impart smoothness.
2.Increase elasticity
 SOFTNER
Softner which is used in sizing warp yarn are soap, mineral oils, coconut oil,
tallow, TRO, animal fats and Japan wax.

Function of Softner:
1.To decrease stiffness,
2.To increase the smooth of warp yarn,
3.To decrease friction and flexibility
4.To make the warp yarn soft and slippery.
 ANTISEPTIC AGENT
Antiseptic agents are Phenol, Carboxylic acid, salicylic acid.

Functions of Antiseptic Agents :

1.To protect yarn from fungus or bacteria.
2.To help to store the sized warp yarn.
 WETTING AGENT
Wetting agents which are used in sizing are Magnesium Chloride and soap.

Wetting agents are used in Sizing:

1. To achieve uniform distribution of sizing solution,
2. Used to increase size exhaust.
 PROPERTIES OF SIZING INGREDIENT

1. It should be easily removed during wet processing process.

2. It should not do any harm to the fibre or yarn.
3. Adhesive substances should be more adhesive.
4. It should have ability to dry instantly after sizing.
5.It should not change the colour of coloured yarn or shed.
6.It should be cheap and available.
 GRAPH
SIZE EFFINCIENCY%
Low 40
Good 75
Standard 85
Optimum 95
High 85
Very high 75
Extreme 40
 DIFFERENT SIZING FAULTS
1. Size spot
2. Repeating warp streaks
3. Shinnery
4. Sandy warp
5. Ridge beam
6. Hard sizing
7. Size dropping
8. Size stitching
9. Uneven sizing
TYPE OF SIZING APPLICATION TECHNIQUE

1. Dry Sizing: Dry size powder is sprayed.

2. Solvent Sizing: Non-aqueous organic solvent is used instead of
water.
3. Hot Melt Sizing: Special arrangement called size applicator is used.
4. Foam Sizing: Solvent is replaced by water.
5. Blend Sizing: Both machinery and operational requirements are
needed.
 REFERENCE
Slideshare (https://www.slideshare.net/)
textilecoach.net
Images From Google