Recent Advancements in Textile Finishing

Presented by: Aranya Ghosh Abhinav Nathany

Recent Developments in Conventional Finishing

Easy care, durable press and wrinklefree finishes Wool shrink resist finish Ultra-hydrophobic surface treatments and self-cleaning finishes Hydrophilic softeners and moisture management systems Antimicrobial finishes Novel approaches to flame-retardant finishes

Easy care, durable press and wrinkle-free finishes

Conventional Chemical Finishes:

1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea Glyoxal urea 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid Citric and malic acids

Novel Chemical Finishes:

1,3,5-triacryloylaminohexahydro-s-triazine-amino derivatives DMDHEU/a-amino acids, e.g. aspartic acid/glutamic acid Ionic crosslinking using cationised chitosan

Cont.
In the novel continuous moist crosslinking treatment jointly developed by Huntsman Textile Effects (Basel, Switzerland) and Monforts, the Monforts MXL Process, continuous moist crosslinking is completed on the Monforts Thermex hotflue. Cotton fabric is padded with a crosslinking agent, dried at 110 0C for 3 min using 30% v/v steam on the Thermex hotflue to give residual moisture content in the fabric of 56%, cooling to 20 0C.

Wool shrink resist finish

Conventional Chemical Finishes: ChlorinationHercosett process applied as a continuous top treatment. Novel Chemical Finishes:
Oxidative pretreatment of wool followed by

enzymatic treatment to produce shrink-resist wool yarns and fabrics was a feature of the Perzyme Process developed by WIRA Leeds, UK.
The ARS process consists of a pretreatment

with a stable activated peroxide followed by proteolytic treatment with an enzyme, either serine or cysteine protease.

Conventional Chemical Finishes:

Ultra-hydrophobic surface treatments and self-cleaning finishes

Mainly depends on fluorocarbon and silicone polymers application.

Novel Chemical Finishes:

Biomimetic finishes are an interesting area for future development. The self-cleaning action of the surface of the lotus leaf has given rise to the so-called lotus effect which is being utilised to produce ultra-

Hydrophilic softeners and moisture management systems

Conventional Chemical Finishes:

Silicone softeners based application.

Novel Chemical Finishes:

Clariant (Basel, Switzerland) has introduced a novel cationic silicone softener, Sandoperm SE1 oil liq. It produces nanoemulsions which impart an inner softness with a unique cool, natural and dry handle to woven and knitted fabrics.
A novel moisture management agent, Ultraphil HCT from Huntsman Textile Effects which provides cool comfort and is based upon a silicone microemulsion.

Novel approaches to flameretardant finishes

Conventional Chemical Finishes:

Decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) have been used in conjunction with antimony trioxide.

Novel Chemical Finishes:

Devan Chemicals (Belgium) has focused upon halogenfree flame retardants using three different approaches: encapsulating microscopic amounts of flame-retardant particles in a thin polymer film use of nanoclay technology use of expandable graphites

Antimicrobial finishes

-cyclodextrin with a suitable reactive group, could be covalently bound to cotton so that body odours become trapped within the hydrophobic internal surfaces of this torus-shaped molecule eliminating the building up of body odours.

Modern Techniques
New approaches using enzymes Microencapsulation of chemical finishes Nanocoating Plasma finishing Low-wet pick-up techniques:

Kiss-roll Loop transfer system Foam application

New approaches using enzymes

The use of various enzymes to carry out surface hydrolysis of polyester fibres to increase fibre hydrophilicity and modify dyeability. The use of nitrile hydratase enzyme to convert the surface nitrile groups into amide groups, thereby increasing the hydrophilicity and the antistatic properties of the fibres.

Microencapsulation of chemical finishes

Characterised by a long lasting, slow continuous release and transfer of products to the human skin is filling microcapsules with active agents and fixing them on the surface of the fabric.

Different approaches: Aroma Teherapy Cosmeto Textiles Insect Repellent Textile

Nanocoating

Purista (Arch Biocides, UK) is an antimicrobial nanocoating based upon a cationic polymer [poly(hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride)]. Nanoparticles composed of a mixture of 80% anatase and 20% rutile titanium dioxide can effectively decolorise red wine stains in the presence of water, oxygen and a range of radiations from sunlight to neon light.

Plasma finishing

The nanocoating of silk and cotton in a radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma reactor has been carried out in collaboration with Surface Innovations Ltd, Wolsingham, Co. Durham, UK. The P2i Ltd pulsed plasma polymerisation technology is designed for treatment of finished end products, e.g. whole garments, gloves, socks, shoes, etc. and provides an environmentally friendly closed treatment system

Low-wet pick-up techniques

Kiss Roll Technique

Loop transfer system

Cont.

Foam application

Spray Finishing Technique

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