INFORMATIO The labor factor is essential for all agricultural activities.

The

N TO BE
analysis and measurement of labor and employment, essential to
assess the contribution of men and women to production, must
be done by type of farm and take into account the particularities

COLLECTED of each one of them

ACCORDING
TO THE
TYPE OF
OPERATION
 In the best of cases, there is an updated register that will only provide reliable
information on permanent workers, the duration of the contract, and on certain
occasions (particularly when the production process requires specific tasks), the sex of

• Business the workers. In times of intense use of labor, such as harvesting, workers are hired on a
first-come, first-served basis and the level of employment varies according to needs,

holdings even daily.

• Farms linked to
the domestic unit the first difficulty is the detection of the units themselves and
another is the under-registration of working women. The
confusion of productive work with domestic work and the
existence of stereotypes that deny the status of producer are
the main causes of the omission of women in the
economically active population in censuses

• Other categories Among the above situations there is a range of possibilities, which does not always

of exploitation
facilitate the definition of the category to which it belongs: for example, a family
economic unit with a business structure. This complexity requires the adoption of
various strategies and different instruments to elucidate and assess the employment
situation.
labor can be:
1. Only contracted personnel
2. Only family members
3. A combination of both types
 The workforce in
■ - Ways of contracting:

■ indirect: advertisements, union, intermediaries (institutions or

companies.
The following information should be collected:The
individuals "coyotes or recruiters"). direct: employer, manager

workforce in companies

- Sex, age, ethnicity or mother tongue;

- Place of residence: inside or outside the

community;

- Geographical location of the place of residence:

distance or proximity;

- Seasonality (temporary nature);

- Places of origin: regional or local, interregional
or national, international;
- Forms of contracting: individual or collective;
- Hiring places: square, settlement, colonies.
Hiring costs: transfer, payment to intermediaries or recruiters, etc.
Generally, daily activity in the field far exceeds 8 hours. In
underdeveloped countries, the most common legal work schedule
for non-agricultural tasks is around 45 hours a week. Surveys
carried out in tropical countries, where the number of daylight
hours in summer is not very different from that in winter, revealed
that when farmers are asked about their working hours, they
respond from sunrise to sunset, that is, approximately 12 hours,
usually including travel time. Without failing to recognize the
arbitrariness of establishing a norm, one could think of an
average day of 10 hours.
 Labor in
■ that the head of the household is not necessarily
responsible for the production unit

small units
The essential characteristic that identifies
small units is their close link with the home.
Its members usually pool their income, to a
variable extent, and have a single budget

Activities for the use of non-timber forest

products can be mentioned:
collection of plants, roots and mushrooms for self-
consumption and sale;
collection of medicinal plants and barks for self-
consumption and sale;
collection of firewood for self-consumption and sale;
collection of resin, mud, fibers and plants or products
derived from them for sale.
In short, to deal with the
issue of labor in small
farms, the following
information must be
collected:
- the characteristics of the
home;
- the general conditions of the
dwelling;
- the sociodemographic
characteristics of each of the
members of the household;
- The labor characteristics of
each one of the members of the
household.
■ FEATURES OF THE HOME
■ number of people;
■ composition by sex and age;
■ type of home;
■ characteristics of the "head of household".
■ A typology of households is proposed in the FAO
document of the World Census Program (pages 36
and 37). Another classification developed by the UN
(1984) relates kinship, age and sex, for example:
■ single woman (one-person household);
■ single man (household of one person);
■ single mother with children (dependents);
■ single parent with children (dependents);
■ two-generation households without children;

GENERAL CONDITIONS OF THE
HOUSING
When working with an approach
with a gender and sustainable
development perspective, the
relevant information in relation
to housing is that related to the
sources of water and energy
used for cooking.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLD
MEMBERS
• Socio-demographic characteristics of
household members
• Data to be collected:
• sex and age;
• Place of birth;
• Place of residence;
• Marital status and number of children;
• Family relationship;
• Educational level: literacy; scholarship;
• Ethnic group or mother tongue;
• Place of origin for immigrants;
• sex and age
Marital status and
number of children
The social status of men and women
is closely related to their marital
status. In the agricultural sector, this
has a strong impact on access to
land and on responsibilities within the
household and in agricultural activity.
Education
In agriculture, a minimum of basic
education is an indispensable
prerequisite to access information,
technology and to participate in
technical training and extension
programs.
ethnic group or mother
tongue
Historical processes have
established differences between
ethnic groups in relation to
access to factors of production
and knowledge about the
management of natural
resources, among others.
Migration
The mobility of people between geographic areas is
generally based on job opportunities.
General job characteristics
The following data must be collected:
1. Work in the family productive unit;
2. Work on another farm in exchange for
remuneration
3 I work in a non-agricultural activity*
 Economically active population
Economic activity
All persons of working age and
The way of defining,
those over the age limit set by law
evaluating and measuring
who have carried out activities,
the "work" variable is
during the reference period,
decisive for the
recognized by the SCN, must be
construction of statistics
. counted as economically active
with a gender perspective
persons.
 Problems in measuring the
economically active population

- Measurement of
unemployment
- Structural aspects of the
workforce
- Branch of activity
- Main occupation
- Situation at work
Presentado
por:

Nini Jhoana Vélez

Lina María Bueno
David CharlÌny Perea
Córdoba
Mateo Solarte Osorio