INTRODUCTION TO

CRIMINILOGY
JENNIFER M. LULU
  
 CRIMINOLOGY
• The entire body of
knowledge regarding crime
as a social phenomenon.
• It includes within its
scope the process of
making laws,
of breaking laws and
of reacting towards the
breaking of the laws.
(Edwin Hardin Sutherland)
 DEFINITION OF CRIMINOLOGY

• The entire body of knowledge regarding crimes, criminals and

the efforts of society to prevent and repress them.
• The scientific study of causes of crime in relation to man and
society who set and defines rules and regulations for himself
and others to govern.
 EDWIN HARDIN SUTHERLAND
• Not a science but has the hope of becoming a science for the
reason that man is the subject of the study.
 GEORGE WILKER
Absolutely not a science due to the variations of behavior.
(lack of proposition)
The Criminology • Criminologia
originated with the • 1985
Latin • Italian word
word, crimen  • Rafaelle Garofalo – Italian Law Enforcer
(accusation), and • Criminologie
the Greek word,  • 1987
logia  (the study • French word
of). • Paul Topinard – French Antropologist
 Important personalities
Cesare Lombroso(Father of Criminology)
Raffaelle Garofalo 
Enrico Ferri

many called them the “Holy Trinity of Criminology.”

EVOLUTION OF
CRIMINOLOGY
• CRIMINOLOGIST – attempt to build theories that explain why crime
occur and to test those theories by observing behavior. (Oscar G. Soriano)

• CRIMINOLOGIST – a person who study criminology, causes of crimes,

theories that deals with criminals, victims and society. Also include the
proper prevention, suppression and recommendation for the proper and
effective means of preventing crimes.

• CRIMINOLOGIST – a person who is a graduate of the Degree of

Criminology, who passed the examination for criminologist and is
registered as such by board. (Sec. 22 RA 6506)(RA 11131)new law 
 CRIMINOLOGY - CRIMINALISTICS

SOCIAL SCIENCE APPLIED SCIENCE

• THEORETICAL APPROACH  • PRATICAL AND
• PERSON OF CRIME TECHNOLOGICAL THEORY
• STUDIES PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE

• CRIMINOLOGIST
• CRIMINALIST
NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY
1. IT IS SOCIAL SCIENCE IS A SOCIAL CREATION AND IT EXIST IN
SOCIETY BEING A SOCIAL PHENOMENON.
2. IT IS APPLIED SCIENCE – CRIMINOLOGY USES DIFFERENT
SCIENCE.
3. IT IS NATIONALISTIC – THE STUDY OF CRIME MUST IN
RELATION WITH THE EXISTING  CRIMINAL LAW WITHIN
TERRITORY OR A COUNTRY.
4. IT IS DYNAMIC – CRIMINOLOGY CHANGES AS SOCIAL
CONDITION CHANGES.
• The study of criminology has three (3) principal
divisions, namely:
■ Criminal Etiology – which attempts at scientific analysis of the causes of
crime.
Criminal etiology refers to the scientific study of how and why people commit
crimes. Some crimes are fairly straightforward: most people who conduct minor
theft are poor and cannot afford to purchase a product.
■ Sociology of Law – which is an attempt at scientific analysis of the causes of
crime.
The sociology of law refers to the sociological study of law and law-related
phenomena, whereby law is typically conceived as the whole of legal norms in
society as well as the practices and institutions that are associated with those norms
• Penology – which is concerned with the control and prevention of
crime and the treatment of PERSON DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY(PDL)
Penology derived from latin word “Poena – pain or suffering”
Penology is the division of criminology that focuses on the philosophy and
practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal activities. 
 What is the purpose of studying
Criminology?
Criminologists examine a broad range of topics related to crime. They are
dedicated to studying not only the causes of crime but the social roots and
impact as well. The end goal of criminology is to determine the root causes
of criminal behavior and to develop effective and humane means for
preventing it
 What are the importance of
studying Criminology?
• Studying crime helps discover and analyze its causes, which can be
used towards crime reduction policies and initiatives. It helps
understand the mindset of criminals: Criminology helps understand the
mindset of criminals, why they commit crimes, and the factors that affect
them
FIN