THE NATURE OF

CRIMINOLOGY
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY

• PERSONALITIES
 THE NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY
Ang major topic ngayong araw na
• INTRODUCTIO ididiscuss ko is first is yung
introduction,siyempre yung
N definition of criminology.is
criminology a science? At ano
• HISTORY yung mga nature ng criminology
Another sub topic na ididisscuss
• PERSONALITIE natin is yung historical
background ng criminology, okey
S saan nagsimula ang
criminologyand of course yung
mga personalities sa criminology
yun yung mga important topics na
ma tattuckle natin ngayong araw.
 What is CRIMINOLOGY?
 At siyempre ang pinaka basic
 Criminology is dito eh difinition ng
criminology . What is
the scientific criminology.? We defined
criminology as:
study of crimes,  So take note guys na ang study
criminals, and the of criminology is not only
limited to the study of crimes
efforts of the and criminals. Okey, hindi lang
cea scientific study ng crimes
society to prevent and criminals. Kasama po
and repress them. itong efforts of the society
natin on how to prevent and
repress crime, okeyso matapos
natin malaman dito yung mga
causes of crime.
 Bakit nagkakaroon, bakit nagigigng
kriminal yung isang tao siyempre nanjan
yung mga theories bakit nagiging criminal
siya, bakit siya na momotivate na gumawa
ng krimen kasama siya sa pinag aaral natin
sa criminology yung ginagawa ng society
natin kasama dun yung effort ng society
natin paano natin ma prevent ang crime
paano natin ma susupress ang crime, paano
ma rerepress ang crime at mababawasan
ang crimen at ano yung gagawin natin sa
tao na nakagawa ng crimen , yun na yung
effort ng society natin na sinasabi dito
 OL O G Y
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U C TI ON
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 I
S TO R Y
 HI
L I T IE S
R SO N A
 P E
 What is CRIMINOLOGY?
 Criminology is the scientific study of crimes, criminals
and the efforts of the society to prevent and repress
them
 Criminology is a body of knowledge regarding crime
and criminals as a social phenomenon. It includes in its
scope the process of making of laws, breaking of laws,
and the reaction towards the breaking of laws ;
(Sutherland)
 Criminology is a multidisciplinary study of crime.
(Bartol)
 Criminology is a body of knowledge regarding
delinquency and crime as social phenomenon. (Tradio)
 ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD
CRIMINOLOGY
 The word criminology came from Latin word
CRĪMEN which means “ACCUSATION” and
Greek word “LOGOS” meaning “TO STUDY”
literally means study of accusations.
 WHO COINED THE WORD
CRIMINOLOGY?
 In 1885, italian law professor RAFAELE
GAROFALO coined the term
“CRIMINOLOGIA”
 1n 1887, French Anthropologist PAUL
TOPINARD used the analogous French term
“CRIMINOLOGIE”
 In 1889, the term CRIMINOLOGY was
introduced into English Language by PAUL
TOPINARD
 WHAT ARE THE NATURE OF
CRIMINOLOGY?
 It is a SOCIAL SCIENCE - in as much as crime in social
creation that it exist in a society being a social
phenomenon . Its study must be considered a part of social
science
 It is APPLIED SCIENCE - it applies scientific methods and
procedures of the social as well as natural sciences in the
study or investigation of crimes and criminal behavior.
 It is NATIONALISTIC the study of crimes must be in
relation with the existing criminal law within the territory
or country.
 It is DYNAMIC criminology changes as social
condition changes it is concomitant with the
advancement of other science that has been applied
to it.
 SCOPES OF CRIMINOLOGY
1. Study of the causes of crimes and development
(criminal Etiology)

2. Study of the origin and development of

criminal laws (Sociology of Law)

3. Study of the different factors such as:

SCOPES OF CRIMINOLOGY (cont…)
 Criminal Demography- study of the relationship between criminality
and population.
 Criminal Sociology- study the effects of social conditions on crime and
criminals , including the machinery of justice and the evolution of
criminal law and punishment.
 Criminal Psychology- study of human behavior in relation to criminality
 Criminal Psychiatry- study of human minds in relation to criminality
 Criminal Ecology- the study of criminality in relation to spatial
distribution in the community
 Criminal Epidemiology- study criminology as an epidemic disease.
 Criminal Physical Anthropology- study of criminality in relation to
physical constitution of men
 Victimology- study of the role of the victim in the commission of crime.
SCOPES OF CRIMINOLOGY (con…)
4. Study of the various process and measures adopted by
society in violation of criminal laws.
 The detection and investigation of crime
 The arrest and apprehension of criminals
 The prosecution and conviction of the criminal in the
judicial proceedings
 The enforcement of laws, decrees and regulations
 The administration of the police and other law
enforcement agencies.
 Maintenance of recreational facilities and other auxiliary
to prevent the development of crimes and criminal
behavior.
 PURPOSE OF STUDYING
CRIMINOLOGY
-The primary aim is to prevent the crime problem
-To understand crimes and criminals
-To prepare for a career in law enforcement and
scientific crime detection
-To develop an understanding of the constitutional
guarantees and due process of law in the
administration of justice
-To foster a higher concept of citizenry and leadership
together with an understanding of one moral and
legal responsibilities to his fellowmen, his community
and nation.
BRIEF HISTORY OF CRIMINOLOGY
 Study of criminology started in “Europe”

*18th Century- the emphasis of criminology was on the reform of criminal

law and not on the causes of crime. Scholar such as Cesare Beccaria and
Jeremy Bentham where more concerned with the humanitarian aspects
in dealing with criminals and reforming several criminal laws.

*19th Century- Cesare Lombroso advocated the theory that crime can be
attributed to heredity predisposition. According to Lombroso, a criminal
person by birth is a distinct type. It can be recognize through his personal
stigmata or anomalies

 Latter part of 19th Century

*Criminology was accepted as field of study by the department of

sociology in U.S.
 PHILIPPINES
 Plaridel Educational Institution (now PCCR- Philippine
College of Criminology) was established by Manila
Major Police Eliseo Vibar , Dr. Pedro R Solis (NBI)
Supreme court Associative Justice Felix Bautista
Angelo in 1950
 Early 1960s UM ,Abad Santos College, University of the
Visayas, University of Mindanao, University of Baguio
Offered a Criminology Course
 University of The Visayas (UV) first offered
criminology course in cebu
 University of Negros Recolectos (UNOR) first offered
Criminology Education in Western Visayas.
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
 Atavism- the view
that crime is due to
genetic throwback to
a more primitive and
aggressive form of
human being.
 “Atavistic Stigmata-
the physical features
of creatures at an
earlier stage of
Development.
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
 Freewill – “assumption
that individuals are
rational being that can
be choose between
good or evil, therefore
suffer the consequence
of their action”
 Deterrence – the
prevention of criminal
acts by the use of
threat or punishment
*WILLIAM SHELDON-
 SOMATOTYPING

THEORY- heredity as the

primary determinants of
behavior and physique is
a reliable indicator of
persinality
 Principle of “Survival of

the Fittest”