Intro To Crim M1

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SETTING CRIM1RCI
CRIMINOLOGY C113
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RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SETTING CRIM1RCI
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INTRODUCTION TO
CRIMINOLOGY
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY WELCOME CRIM1RCIC
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SAMPLE VIDEO
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY SUMMARY OF THE TOPICS CRIM1RCIC
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TOPI
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UNIT A. INTRODUCTION AND
HISTORICAL SETTING
• Definition of Criminology
• Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology
• Importance of Studying Criminology
• Purposes of Studying Criminology
• Nature of Criminology
• Object of Interest of Criminology
• CRIME defined.
• Criminological Classification of Crimes
• Legal Classification of Crimes
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• The Criminal
• Criminological Classification of Criminals
• Criminal Behavior
• The Victim
• Historical Setting of Criminology
• Criminology in the Philippines
• Assessment
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY SUMMARY OF THE TOPICS CRIM1RCI
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TOPIC
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Key Terms
• criminology
• crime
• offense
• felony
• misdemeanor/delinquency
• criminal
• habitual
• recidivists
• free will
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY GENERAL OBJECTIVES CRIM1RCIC
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GENERAL
OBJECTIVES
What You Will
Learn
In this chapter you will:
• define criminology
• appreciate criminology as a social science
Skills You Will

Use
In this chapter you will:
• comprehend the importance of studying criminology
• trace the historical development of criminology
Why Is This
Important?
Studying Criminology helps discover and analyse the causes of crime, which can be used towards
crime reduction policies and initiatives. It helps understand the mindset of criminals, why they
commit crimes and the factors that affect them.
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RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY CRIM1RCIC1
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WHAT IS A CRIMINOLOGY?
 In its broadest sense, it is a body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social
phenomenon(Tradio, 1999). It may also refer to the study of crimes and criminals and the
attempt of analyzing scientifically their causes and control and the treatment of criminals.
 In its narrow sense, Criminology is the scientific study of crimes and criminals. This scientific
study is extended only on three basic lines:
a. investigation of the nature of criminal law and its administration
b. analysis of the causation of crimes and the behavior of criminals and;
c. study of the control of crimes and the rehabilitation of offenders (criminals)
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY IN ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION CRIM1RCIC1
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WHAT IS A CRIMINOLOGY in Etymological Definition?

Criminology is derived from the Latin word Crimen, which means “accusations”, and the
transliterated Greek logia, which has come to denote “the study of”
• According to Edwin Sutherland it is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social

phenomenon. It includes within its scope the process of making laws (sociology of laws),
breaking of laws (etiology of crimes) and the reaction towards the breaking of laws (penology).
• Paul Topinard a french anthropologists used criminology in french “Criminogie”
• Raffaele Garofalo an Italian professor coined the word Criminology in Italian “Criminologia”
• Cesare Lombroso born as Ezechia Marco Lombroso is known as the Father of Modern
Criminology and Criminal Anthtropology.
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CRIMINOLOGY is also a multidisciplinary Study of

Crimes.
This means that many disciplines are involve in the collection of knowledge about criminal
action. But over the years, Sociology, Psychology and Psychiatry have dominated the study of
crime.
 SOCIOLOGY (Sociological Criminology) -the study focused on the group of people and
society as a whole. it is primarily based on the examination of the relationship of demographic
and group of variable to crime. Variables such as: - socioeconomic status - interpersonal
relationships
- age - race
- gender - cultural groups of people are probed in relation to the environmental
factors that are more conducive to criminal action, such as time, place and circumstannces
sorrounding the crime.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY AS A MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY CRIM1RCIC1
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CRIMINOLOGY is also a multidisciplinary of Crimes.

 PSYCHOLOGY (Pschological Criminology) - the science of behavior and mental processes
of the criminal. It is focused on the individual criminal behavior- how it is acquired, evoked,
maintained and modified. Both the environmental and personality influences are
considered,along with the mental process that mediate the beahvior.
 PSYCHIATRY (Psychiatric Criminology) - the science that deals with the study of crime
through forensic psychiatry, the study of criminal behavior in terms of motives and drives that
strongly relies on the individual. (psychoanalytic Theory - Sigmund Freud - traditional view.)
It also explains that criminals are acting out of uncontrollable animalistic, unconscious or
biological urges. (modern view)
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY SCOPE AND DIVISION OF THE STUDY OF CRIM1RCIC1
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Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

Criminology is a broad field of study of crimes and criminals. Its scope is categorized into the
following studies:
The Making of Laws
Law is passed because of the consensus of the will of the public. In the Philipines, we
have bicameral because its composed of two houses; the Senate and the House of
Representatives. We have three major divisions or branches in the government; the executive,
vested on the office of the president, the legislative, cited and explained above; and the judiciary
vested on the Supreme Court. We are being represented by the legislative branch in making laws.
CRIMINOLOGY 3
The Breaking of Laws
All violations of laws are violations of the will of the majority in the society. Violations
of the provisions of the criminal laws created by the
public thru representation is called CRIME.
CRIME is an act or omission in violation of criminal law

ACT is outward movement tending to produce effect.
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Reactons Towards the Breaking Laws
Society either reacts positively or negatively when someone commits crime. However,
seldom has the society reacted positively; it reacts negatively by imposing punishment on the law
breaker.
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It also covers several principal areas or divisions, which are:
1. Criminal Behavior or Criminal Etiology -the scientific analysis of the causes of crime.
2. Sociology of Law - the study of the law and its application.
3. Penology or Correction - the study that deals with punishment and the treatment of criminals;
4. Criminalistics or Forensic Science - one more area of concern in crime detection and
investigation.
Criminalistics is included as a division in criminology because criminologists are also engaged

in studying criminal things, the analysis of physical evidences taken from the crime scene left
behind by a criminal perpetrator.
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It also covers:
1. study of the origin and the development of criminal law
2. study of the causes of crimes and development of criminals
3. study of the different factors that enhances the development of criminal behavior, such as:
a. criminal demography - the study of the relationship between criminality and population
b. criminal epidiomology - the study of the relationship between environment and criminality
c. criminal ecology - the study of criminality in relation to th spatial distribution in a community
d. criminal physical anthropology - the study of criminality in relation to physical constitution
of men.
e. criminal psychology - study of human behavior in relation to criminality
f. criminal psychiatry - the study of human mind in relation to criminality
g. victimology - the study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime.
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Importance of Studying Criminology

Studying crime is very important. In fact, interest in crime has always been high. However,
understanding why it occurs and what to do about it has been a problem. Understanding crime as a
complex phenomenon can be:
1. a source of philosophy of life; the knowledge derived from studying crime is a good foundation
for an individual's philosophy and lifestyle.
2. a background for profession or for social services;
3. because criminals are legitimate objects of interests. They should be understood in order to know
how to control them;
4. because crime is costly problem. The value of property lost, medical expenses, insurance, moving
costs, and intangible cost of pain and suffering is too high as a result of victimization.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY PURPOSES OF STUDYING CRIMINOLOGY CRIM1RCIC11
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Purposes of Studying Criminology

Studying Criminology is aimed towards the following:
1. the primary aim is to prevent the problem
2. to understand crimes and criminals which are basic to knowing the actions to be done to prevent
them.
3. to prepare for a career in law enforcement and scientific crime detection.
4. to develop an understanding if the constitutional guarantees and due process of law in the
administration of justice.
5. to foster higher concept of citizenry and leadership together with an undestanding of one moral
and legal responsibilities to his fellowmen, his community and the nation.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY - “SAND” CRIM1RCIC11
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Nature of Criminology- “SAND”
1. Criminology is a Social Science. Since

crime is a social phenomenon, it is but basic to
note that study of crimes requires that study of
human society thus, criminology is a social
science. Inasmuch as crime is a societal
creation and that it exists in a society, its study
must be considered a part of social science.
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2. Criminology is an Applied Science. Study of
crimes does not end with pure intellectual
discovery it requires the application of the various
fields of study in order to help in policy making
towards the creation of more responsive programs
for crime prevention as well as in the solution of
crimes in our socitey. Anthropolgy, Psychology,
Sociology and other natural sciences may be
applied in the study of the causes of crime while
chemistry, medicine, physics, mathematics etc. may
be utilized in crime detection.
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3. Criminology is Nationalistic. Crimes are defined

and in other countries by common laws. In the
Philippines crimes are defined according to our law
such as the criminal law. Laws in different countries
may varies depending on their culture, belief,
religion, and others, as such crimes in different
countries may also varies. The study of crime must
always be in relation with the existing criminal law
with in the territory.
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4. Criminology is Dynamic. As societal condition

changes so with crimes. Modern technology has
brought a lot of changes in the way people live. This
innovation has also brought changes in our laws thus,
the concept of what crimes are also changed.
Criminoloy changes as social condition changes. That
means the progress of criminology is concordant with
the advancement of other sciences that have been
applied to it.
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Object of Interest in Criminology

The four major object of interest in criminology are:
Crimes (Criminal Acts)
Criminals (Perpetrators of Crime)
Criminal Behavior
Study of the Victims

RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIME CRIM1RCIC11
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Definition of Crime
Crime may be defined as :
1. An act or omission in violation of criminal

law in its legal point.
2. An anti-social act; an act that is injurious,

detrimental or harmful to the norms of society;
they are the unacceptable acts in its social definition.
3. Crime is also defined as an act that violates the law of

nation.
CRIME is also generic name that refers to offense, felony

and delinquency or misdemeanor.
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Definition of Crime
OFFENSE - is an act or omission that is punishable by special laws. (A special law is a statute
enacted by congress, penal in character, which is not amendment to the Revised Penal Code.)
Examples: Punishable by Republic Acts, Presidential Decrees, Executive Order, Memorandum

Circulars, Ordinances and Rules and Regulations.
FELONY - is an act or mission that is punishable by the Revised Penal Code, the Criminal Law in
the Philippines.
Examples of Felony: Rape, Murder, Arson and Kidnapping
ELEMENTS OF FELONY
1. There must be an act of omission
2. The act of omission must be voluntary
3. It must be punishable by law.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES OR CRIM1RCIC11
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Legal Classification of Crimes or Felonies

1. As to the manner crimes are committed:
a. By means of dolo or deceit - when the act was done with deliberate intent.
b. by means of culpa or fault - when the wrongful act result from:
imprudence - lack of skill
negligence -lack of foresight
2. As to the Stages in the commission of crimes:
a. Attempted Crimes - when the offender commences the commission of a felony directly by
overt acts and does not perform all acts of execution, which could produce the felony by reason of
some reason of some causes or accident other than this own spontaneous desistance.
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Legal Classification of Crimes or Felonies

b. Frustrated crimes - when the offender has perform all the acts of execution will produce the
felony as a consequence but which nevertheless, do not produced the felony be reason of causes
independent of the will of the perpetrator.
c. Consummated crimes - when all the elements necessary for its execution and the accomplishment
are all present.
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Definition of Crime
 DELINQUENCY/MISDEAMENOR- acts that are in violation of simple rules and regulations

usually referring to acts committed by minor offenders.
Examples: Truancy, Municipal Ordinances

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Criminological Classifications of Crime

As to result of crimes:
1. Acquisitive crime - when the offender acquires

something or gaine something as a consequence
of his criminal act.
Example: robbery, estafa, bribery
2. Extinctive crime - when the result of a criminal act is destructive, damage

or even death.
Examples : arson, murder and homicide, damage to property

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As to the time or period committed:
1. Seasonal Crime - are crimes that happen only during a

particular season or period of the year.
Examples: Violation of Election law, tax law violations
2. Situational Crime - are crimes committed those when

the situation is conducive to its commission of the crime and
there is an opportunity to commit it.
Examples: pickpocketing, theft

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As to the length of time commmitted:
1. Instant Crime - are those crimes that can be

committed in the shortest possible time.
Example : theft
2. Episodial Crime - are crimes committed through a

series of act in a lenghty space of time or episodes in much longer time.
Example : serious illegal detention

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As to the place of location of the commission:
1. Static Crime - are those crimes committed in only one place.
Examples: theft and robbery
2. Continuing Crime: are crimes that takes placein more than one
place or several places.
Examples: abduction, kidnapping

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As to the use of mental faculties:
1. Rational Crime - when the offender is cappable of knowing what he is doing

and understanding the consequences of his actions.
2. Irrational Crime - when the offemder suffers from any form oof mental
disorders, insanity or abnormality. Thus, the offender doesn't know what he is
doing.
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As to the type of offenders:
1. White Collar Crime - those committed by

person of respectability and of upper
socio-economic class in the course of their
occupational activities.
2. Blue Collar Crime - those committed by

ordinary criminal to maintain their livelihood.
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Crimes by Immitation - crimes committed by merely duplication of what was done

by others.
Crimes by Passion - crimes committed because of the fit of great emotions.
Service Crimes - refers to crimes committed through rendition of a service to satisfy

desire of another.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME CRIM1RCIC11
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Legal Classifications of Crime

Under the law, crimes are classified as:
A. Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations

Example: Treason, Espionage, Piracy
B. Crimes Against Fundamental Law of the State
Example: Arbitrary Detention, Violation of Domicile
C. Crimes Against Public Order
Example: Rebellion, Sedition, Coup d'etat
D. Crimes Against Public Interest
Example: Forgery, Falsification, Fraud
E. Crime Against Public Morals
Example: Gambling and Betting, offences against decency and good customs like scandals,
obscenity, vagrancy and prostitution.
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F. Crimes Committed by Public Officers
Example: Malfeasance and Misfeasance
G. Crimes Against Person
Example: Murder, Rape, Physical Injuries
H. Crimes Against Properties
Example: Robbery, Theft
I. Crimes Against Personal Liberty and Security
Example: Illegal Detention, Kidnapping, Trespass to Dwelling, Threat and Coercion
J. Crimes Against Chastity
Example: Concubinage, Adultery, Seduction, Abduction, Acts of Lasciviousness
K. Crimes Against Civil Status of Persons
Example: Bigamy and Other Illegal Marriage
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L. Crimes Against Honor

Example: Libel, Oral Defamation
M. Quasi Offenses or Criminal Negligence

Example: Imprudence and Negligence
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RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY THE CRIMINAL CRIM1RCIC11
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The Criminal
 In the Legal sense, Criminal is any person who

has been found to have committed a wrongful
act in the course on the standard judicial processes.
There must be a final verdict of his guilt.
- Criminal is a person who committed a crime

and has been convicted by the court of the violation
of a criminal law.
 In the Criminological sense, a person is already considered

a criminal the moment he committed any anti-social act.
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Criminological Classification of Criminals

The following are the criminological calssification of
criminals:
1. Based on Etiology:
Acute Criminal -is a person who committed crime as a

result of reacting to a situation or during moment of anger or
burst of feeling. They violates criminal law because of the
impulse or fit of passion. They commit passionate crimes.
Chronic Criminal - persons who commits crime acted

in consonance of deliberated thinking. He plans the crime
ahead of time.
CRIMINALS 3

2. Based on Behavioral System:
Ordinary Criminal - is considered the lowest form of criminal in a criminal career. He doesn't
stick to crime as a profession but rather pushed to commit crimes due to great opportunity.
Organized Criminal - is one who associates himself with other criminals to earn a high degree
of organization to enable them to commit crimes easily without being detected by authorities. They
commit organized crimes.
Professional Criminal - is a person who is engaged in criminal activities with high degree of
skill. He is usually the one who practices crime as a profession to maintain living.
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3. Based on Activities:
Professional - are those who practice crime as a profession for a living. Criminal activity is
constant in order to earn skill and develop ability in their commission.
Accidental Criminal - are those who commit crimes when the situation is conducive to its
commission.
Habitual Criminal - are those who continue to commit crime because of deficiency of
intelligence and lack of self - control.
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4. Based on Mental Attitudes:
Active Criminal - are those who commit crimes due to aggressiveness.
Passive Inadequate Criminals - are those who commit crimes because they are puhed to it by
reward or promise.
Socialized Delinquents - are criminals who are normal in behavior but defective in their
socialization process or development.
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5. Based on Legal Classification:
Habitual Delinquency - is a prson who, with a period of

ten years from the date of his release or last conviction of the
crimes of serious or less serious physical injuries, robbery,
estafa or falsification, is found guilty of any of the said crimes
or a third time oftener.
Recidivists- one who, at the time of his trial for one crime,
has just been previously convicted by final judgment of another
crime embraced in the same title of the Revised Penal Code.
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When does Crime Exists?

In the legal viewpoint, crime exists when the court has proved the person guilty. The main
objective to this view in that there is a terrific morality of cases between the times a crime has
been reported up to the time a verdict of conviction is made by the court.
In the scientific point of view, crime exists when it is reported. This is more realistic but
not all reported cases are with sound basis of true happening. some of them are also unfounded.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR CRIM1RCIC11
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Criminal behavior
Crime in its legal definition may constitute an intentional act in vioaltion of the
criminal law and penalized by the state a felony, offense or misdeamenor. Criminal
behavior, therefore, is an intentional behavior that violates a criminal code.
Criminal behavior may also refer to the study of the human conduct focused on the
mental processes of the criminal; the way he behaves or acts including his activities and
the causes and influences of his criminal behavior.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY THE VICTIM CRIM1RCIC11
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The Victim
Victimology is simply the study of the victims of crimes and
contributory role, if any, in crime causation. It is also the scientific
process of gaining substabtial amounts of knowledge on offender
characteristics by studying the nature of the victims.(Schmalleger,
1997)
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY HISTORICAL SETTING OF CRIMINOLOGY CRIM1RCIC11
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Historical Setting of Criminology

As previously introduced, criminology is an advanced, theoretical field of study of crimes,
the causes of crimes (etiology), the meaning of crimes in terms of law and community reaction to
crime.
Not too long ago, Criminology separated from its mother discipline, SOOCIOLOGY, and
although there are some historical continuities, it has since developed habits and methods of
thinking about crime and criminal behavior that are uniquelu its own.
The history of criminology dates back from the works of criminological thinkers or theorists
in criminology. The origins of criminology are usually located in the late eighteenth-century
writings of those sought to reform criminal justice and penal systems that they perceived as cruel,
humane and arbitrary. This old systems applied the law unequally, were subject to great
corruption and often used torture and the death penalty indiscriminately.
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Pre-Classical Period
The theoritical dimension of criminology has a long history and ideas
about the causes of crime can be found in philosophical thought over two
thousand years ago. For example, in Polictics Plato, student of Aristotle (384-
322 B.C), stated “Poverty engenders rebellion and crime”(Quinney 1970).
Religious scholars focused on causes as diverse as natural human need, deadly
sins, and the corrupting influence of Satan and other demons. The validity such
theories was founded in religious authority and they were not viewed as
theories, subject to verification through any form of systematic observation,
measurement and analysis.
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The Classical Beggining

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham - the leading
theorists in criminology history started of this classical
school of criminology.
- argued that the law must apply equally to all, and
punishments for specific crimes should be standardized by
legislatures, thus avoiding judicial abuses of power.
- argued that people are rational beings who exercise
free will in making choices.
FREE WILL - is the idea that we are able to have some

choice in how we act and assumes that we are free to
choose our behavior.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY THE NEO-CLASSICAL ERA CRIM1RCIC11
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The Neo-Classical Era
Criminologists of the early nineteenth century argued that the legal

punishments that had been created under the guidance of the classical school
did not sufficiently consider the widely varying circumstances of those who
found themselves in the gears of the criminal justice system. Accordingly, they
proposed that those wo could not distinguished right from wrong, particularly
children and mentally ill persons, should be exempted from the punishments
that were normally meted out to mentally capable adults who had committed
the same crimes. Along with the contributions of a later generation of
criminologists, known as the positivists, suc writers argued that the punishment
should fit the criminal, not the crime.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY POSITIVISTS DETERMINISM CRIM1RCIC11
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Positivists Determinism
Cesare Lombroso - An Italian leading figure of this positivist
school of criminology influenced by Charles Darwin's Theory of
Evolution, Lombroso measured the physical features of prison
inmates and concluded that criminal behavior correlated with
specific bodily characteristics, particularly cranial, skeletal and
neurological ,malformations. According to Lombroso, biology
created a criminal class among the human popluation. Subsequent
generations of criminologists have disagreed harshly with
Lombroso's conclusions on the matter. However, Lombroso had
more lasting effect on criminology with other findings that
emphasized the multiple causes of crime, including environmental
causes that were not biologically determined.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CARTOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT CRIM1RCIC11
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Cartographical Thought
Lambert Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874) of

France and Andre Michel Guerry, of
Belgium- Statisticians of the cartographic
school, who analyze data on population and
crime. Both of these researchers compiled
detailed, statistical information relation to
crime and also attempted to identify the
circumstances that predisposed people to
commit crimes.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY THE SOCIALIST CRIMINOLOGY CRIM1RCIC11
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The Socialist Criminology

David Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - a French sociologists who exerted a
great influence on criminology. He advanced the hypothesis that criminal
behavior is a normal part of all societies. No soiety, he argued, can ever have
complete uniformity of moral consciousness. All societies must permit some
deviancy, including criminal deviancy or they will stagnate. He saw the
criminal as an acceptable human being and one of the prices that society pays
for freedom.
Anomie Theory - theorized by Durkheim about the ways in which modern,

industrial societies differ from non industrial ones. Industrial societies are not
as effective at producing what Durkheim called collective conscience that
effectively controls the behavior of individuals. Individual in industrial
societies are more likely to exhibit what Durkheim called an anomie - Greek
word meaning “without norms”
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Edwin Sutherland (1883-1950)- a U.S. sociologists
and criminologists who first presented his ideas in
the 1920's and 1930's, advanced the theory of
differential association to explain criminal
behavior. He emphasized that criminal behavior is
learned in interaction with others, usually in small
group, and that criminals learn to favor criminal
behavior over non criminal behavior through
associations with both forms of behavior in different
degrees. As Sutherland wrote, “When persons
become criminal, they do so because of contacts with
criminal patterns and also because of isolation from
anticriminal pattern”
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Control theory - developed in 1960's and
1970's attempts to explain ways to train
people to engage in law abiding behavior.
They share the view that humans require
nurturing in order to develop attachments
or bonds to people and that personal bond
are key in producing internal controls such
as conscience and guilt and external
controls such as shame. According to this
view, crime is the result of insufficient
attachment and commitment to others.
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Walter Reckless - developed one version of

control theory, called Containment Theory.
He argued that a combination of internal
psychological containments and external social
containments prevents people from deviating
from social norms.
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Travis Hirschi - the sociologists that developed his own
conrol theory that attempts to explain conforming, or
lawful, rather than deviant, or unlawful behavior. He
stresses the importance of the individual's bond to society in
determining conforming behavior. His research has found
that socioeconomic class has still to do with determining
delinquent behavior, and that young people who are not
very attached to their parents or to school are more likely
to be delinquent than those who are strongly attached. He
also found that youths who have a strongly positive view of
their own accomplishments are more likely to view
society's laws as valid constraints on their behavior.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES CRIM1RCIC11
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Criminology in the Philippines

Philippine College of Criminology Criminology Curriculum” Only 5 subjects dealt with
formerly Plaridel College, 1956 Criminology proper, i.e, explaining etiology and the
1st Criminology School nature of crime.
Sta. Cruz, Manila
Recognized Crim Org. Professional Criminologists

R.A. 11131 an act regulating the Practice of Association of the Philippines (PCAP) and Philippine
Criminology Profession in the Philippines, Educators Association for Criminology Education
and appropriating funds therefor, repealing (PEACE)
the purposes of R.A. 6506.
CHED Memo Order (CMO) 2, Series of 2005:

More of Criminal Justice; emphasized on Criminology is now under the umbrella of Criminal
operations of justice, specifically police Justice Education along with Law Enforcement
departments, courts and correctional Administration, Correctional Administration,
facilities Industrial Security Management and Forensic Science.
RODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY ASSESSMENT CRIM1RCIC11
3
Assessment
Chapter 1 - Review Questions
ESSAY/DISCUSSION
1. What is Criminology? Why is it called a multidisciplinary science?

2. Is Criminology an art or Science? Explain.
3. When do we consider a person a criminal?
4. What are the objects of interest in Criminology?
5. Define Crime in its legal point.
6. State the importance of studying Criminology?
7. When do Crime Exists?
8. What is the difference between Offense and Felony?
9. Enumerate the Nature of of Criminology - SAND.
10. Distinction between Habitual Delinquent and Recidivists. Explain
3
Assessment
TRUE OR FALSE
1. Criminology is not a science but an art.
2. Criminology is a dynamic discipline because it changes as technology advances.
3. Criminology is both an applied and a social science.
4. Criminology is a field that deals with the study of crimes only.
5. Criminology includes the study of human conduct such as criminal activities and the causes and
influences of one's criminal behavior.
6. Crime may constitute an intentional act in violation of criminal law.
7. Crime is an anti-social act because it violates social norms.
8. Crime by imitation is also called crime by passion
9. An acute criminal is one who plans the commission of the crime and a targeted offender.
10. The lowest form of criminal in the criminal career is an ordinary criminal
3
Assessment
11. The aim of criminal psychology is to explain crime through the study of criminal behavior.
12. Misdemeanors and delinquencies are crime.
13. Criminal behavior is dependent on the socially accepted norms of conduct.
14. Illegal detention, kidnapping, and abduction are crimes against persons in accordance with
the law.
15. Those who practice crime as a profession are considered professional criminals.
16. A chronic criminal is one who plans ahead of time the commission of the crime.
17. White-collar crime is an ordinary crime.
18. Episodial crimes are serial crimes.
19. Etiology means the scientific study of the causes of events or phenomenon like crime.
20. One who commits crime due to opportunity is an accidental crime.
3
Assessment
Identification/Simple Recall
1. The study of crimes through the science of behavior and mental processes of criminals.
2. The study of crimes through forensic science.
3. The scientific analysis of the causes of crimes.
4. An act or omission punishable by special Laws.
5. A person who committed a crime and has been convicted by final judgment by a competent
court.
6. A multidisciplinary science that deals with crimes, criminals, criminal behavior, and the
treatment of criminal behavior.
7. Acts or omissions punishable by RPC.
8. The general term used to refer to offenses, felonies, delinquency and misdemeanor.
3
Assessment
Identification/Simple Recall
9. The study that deals with punishment and the treatment of criminal offenders.
10. the study of crimes focused on the group of people and society as a whole, based on the
examination of the relationship of demographic and group of variables to crime.
11. a Greek word which means “without norms”
12. An acts that are in violation of simple rules and regulations usually referring to acts committed
by minor offenders.
13. Simply the study of victims of crimes and contributory role, if any, in crime causation.
14. The idea that we are able to have some choice in how we act and assumes that we are free to
choose our behavior.
15. The leading theorists iin criminology history and the advocates of classical school of
criminology.

Intro To Crim M1

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Intro To Crim M1

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INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SETTING CRIM1RCI

Welcome to ESTI, PCIC,

Skills You Will

WHAT IS A CRIMINOLOGY in Etymological Definition?

• According to Edwin Sutherland it is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social

CRIMINOLOGY is also a multidisciplinary Study of

CRIMINOLOGY is also a multidisciplinary of Crimes.

Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

The Making of Laws

Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

The Breaking of Laws

CRIME is an act or omission in violation of criminal law

Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

Reactons Towards the Breaking Laws

Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

2. Sociology of Law - the study of the law and its application.

Criminalistics is included as a division in criminology because criminologists are also engaged

Scope and Divisions of the Study of Criminology

Importance of Studying Criminology

2. a background for profession or for social services;

Purposes of Studying Criminology

1. the primary aim is to prevent the problem

3. to prepare for a career in law enforcement and scientific crime detection.

Nature of Criminology- “SAND”

1. Criminology is a Social Science. Since

Nature of Criminology- “SAND”

3. Criminology is Nationalistic. Crimes are defined

Nature of Criminology- “SAND”

4. Criminology is Dynamic. As societal condition

Object of Interest in Criminology

Crimes (Criminal Acts)

Criminals (Perpetrators of Crime)

Study of the Victims

1. An act or omission in violation of criminal

2. An anti-social act; an act that is injurious,

3. Crime is also defined as an act that violates the law of

CRIME is also generic name that refers to offense, felony

Examples: Punishable by Republic Acts, Presidential Decrees, Executive Order, Memorandum

Legal Classification of Crimes or Felonies

imprudence - lack of skill

negligence -lack of foresight

2. As to the Stages in the commission of crimes:

Legal Classification of Crimes or Felonies

 DELINQUENCY/MISDEAMENOR- acts that are in violation of simple rules and regulations

Examples: Truancy, Municipal Ordinances

Criminological Classifications of Crime

1. Acquisitive crime - when the offender acquires

Example: robbery, estafa, bribery

2. Extinctive crime - when the result of a criminal act is destructive, damage

Examples : arson, murder and homicide, damage to property

Criminological Classifications of Crime

As to the time or period committed:

1. Seasonal Crime - are crimes that happen only during a

Examples: Violation of Election law, tax law violations

2. Situational Crime - are crimes committed those when

Examples: pickpocketing, theft

Criminological Classifications of Crime

As to the length of time commmitted:

1. Instant Crime - are those crimes that can be

2. Episodial Crime - are crimes committed through a

Example : serious illegal detention

Criminological Classifications of Crime