MANAGEMEN

T:
PRESENTED BY:
ELIZABETH EAPEN,
OFFICE MANAGEMENT.
MANAGEMENT:
• DEFINITIONS:
 Management can be defined as the process of
administering and controlling the affairs of an
organization irrespective of its nature, type, structure and
size.
• MARY PARKER FOLLET:
 “Management is an art of getting things done through the
efforts of other people”.
MANAGEMENT:
• TRADITIONAL:
 “ Management is what management does”.
• HENRI FAYOL:
 “ To manage is to forecast, to organize, to command, to
coordinate and to control”.
• F.W.TAYLOR:
 “Management is the art of knowing what you want do and
then seeing to it that it is done in the best and cheapest way”.
MANAGEMENT:
• RALPH.C.DAVIS:
 “Management is the function of exclusive leadership
anywhere”.
• ZENE.K.QUIBLE:
 “Management is the process of managing people, which
involves getting things done through and with others”.
MANAGEMENT:
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

1. MANAGEMENT IS GOAL ORIENTED:

• Management always aims at achieving the organizational
objectives.
• The functions and activities of a manager lead to the
achievement of organizational objectives.
2. MANAGEMENT IS A GROUP ACTIVITY:
• Management is a combination of teamwork and leadership
where all the members strive together for the effective running
of the business.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MANAGEMENT:
3. MANAGEMENT IS INTANGIBLE:
• Management is an intangible force because it cannot be
seen but its presence can be felt at every step performed.
4. MANAGEMENT IS A CONTINOUS PROCESS:
• As a process, Management refers to a series of inter-
related functions. It is a continuous process i.e never
ending.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

5. MANAGEMENT IS SITUATIONAL:
• Management encourages manager/ leaders to weigh the
situations/ variables in the workplace and choose a style that
best fits the organizational goals and circumstances.
6. MANAGEMENT IS UNIVERSAL:
• Management is a universal phenomenon in the sense that it is
a common and essential in all enterprises.
• Whatever the situation and whatever the level of
management, the management function is common.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

7. MANAGEMENT IS DYNAMIC:
• The dynamism of management process allows it to adapt itself to the
needs of an organization.
• The society keeps on changing its expectations and aspirations and
management has to meet social challenges through an inbuilt dynamism.
8. MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS:
• Process of setting goals , planning and/or controlling, leading the
execution of any type of activity.
• Management performs a series of functions like planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling in a sequence.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

• Management as a process emphasizes that all managers regardless

of their particulars aptitudes, skills engage in certain interrelated
activities in order to achieve the predetermined goals.
9. IT IS A SOCIAL PROCESS:
• Management is concerned with developing relationship among
people.
• It is the duty of management to make interaction between people
productive and useful for the achievement of organizational goals.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

10.MANAGEMENT IS REQUIRED AT ALL LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:

• Management is needed to coordinate the activities of a business and make
sure all employees are working together towards the achievement of
organizational goals.
11.MANAGEMENT HAS COORDINATION AS ITS ESSENCE/CENTRAL
FUNCTION:
• It is the force that binds all the other functions of management. In general
coordination means bringing together the activities and resources of the
organization and bringing harmony in them.
• Coordination is needed to perform all functions of management.
• Coordination implies synchronization of various efforts.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

12.MANAGEMENT IS AN ACTIVITY FACTOR:

• All the factors of production are put into action or get activated by
management.
• A manager’s skill lies in motivating his workers through guidance,
training, incentives, rewards, status, security, control etc.
13.MANAGEMENT IS AIDED BY COMPUTER NOT REPLACED:
• Computer cannot replace management. This is because management
takes final responsibility.
14.AUTHORITY FORMS THE BASE/FOUNDATION OF
MANAGEMENT:
CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT:

• A manager needs authority.

• It is the key to managerial functions.
• Authority is defined as institutionalized and legal power
inherent in a job/function or position that enables a/the job
holder to carry out his responsibility.
• It is positional and comes with the territory.
• It is authority which enables a manager to discharge his
duties of planning, O,C,C in an enterprise.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
• The level of management determines the chain of command,
the amount of authority and status enjoyed by any managerial
position.
• The levels of management can be classified in 3 broad
categories:
1. TOP LEVEL/ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL.
2. MIDDLE LEVEL/EXECUTORY.
3. LOWER LEVEL/SUPERVISORY/OPERATIVE/FIRST
LINE MANAGERS.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
1. TOP LEVEL:
• Top level consists of BOD, Chief executives/MD, CEO,
Chief Marketing Officer, President, VP, COO.
• Ultimate source of authority.
• Sound Top level management defines the success and
future of a company.
• In short they are responsible for the survival and growth
of the organization as a whole.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
2. MIDDLE LEVEL:
• Connection between the top and lower level management.
• Normally called division heads/departmental heads;
example: production manager, sales manager etc.
• The way they manage their workers has a great impact on
overall company results.
• SKILLS OF MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGER:
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
1. The ability to hire well.
2. Good Communication skills.
3. The ability to delegate.
4. Collaboration skills.
5. Good Decision Making.
3. LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT:
• The last level of organizational hierarchy.
• Acts as a link between management and operational employees.
• Mainly perform the vital function of supervisor and inspection of all activities
in order to control them.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:
• Example: Supervisors, Foreman, Inspectors, Superintendent etc.
• FUNCTIONS OF LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT:
1. To act as a communication channel between management and
workers.
2. To communicate plans and policies.
3. To assist Middle Level Management in the recruitment of
suitable employees.
4. To ensure coordination among different levels and departments.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT:

5. To maintain better human relations.

6. To sort out the grievances of the workmen efficiently.
7. To provide proper resources and work conditions.
8. Motivate workmen.
9. To ensure workers’ safety and security.
10.To control by minimizing wastage and maintaining
discipline among the workmen.