PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDA

TION

BEHAVIORIS
TIC REPORTER: TINA
CARIQUITAN
BLU PIN BROW GREE
E K N N

YELLO PURPL RE WHIT

W E D E

GRA BLAC ORANG

Y K E
Behaviorism is a theory of learning based
on the idea that all behaviors are acquired
through conditioning, and conditioning
occurs through interaction with the
environment. Behaviorists believe that our
actions are shaped by environmental
stimuli.
KRAPFL JE. (2016 )
 BEHAVIORISTS

IVAN EDWARD JOHN B. B.F

PAVLOV THORNDIKE WATSON SKINNE
R
IVAN PETROVICH
PAVLOV
BO RN S E P T E MBE R 14, 1849
D I ED F E BRU A RY 27, 1936
BO RN IN RYA Z A N, RUS S IA
P H Y S I O L OG I S T, P S YCH O L O GI ST AN D
P H Y S I CI A N
AWA RD E D T H E NO BE L P RI Z E IN
P H Y S I O L OG Y O R ME D I CI N E IN 19 04 FO R
RE S E A RCH O N T H E D IG E S T I V E SY ST E M
IVAN PETROVICH
PAVLOV
IVAN PETROVICH
PAVLOV
EDWARD LEE
THORNDIKE
BO RN AU G U S T 31, 187 4
D I ED A UG U S T 9, 1949
BO RN IN WI L L IA M S BURG ,
M AS S ACH U S E T T S
S T U D I ED A NI MA L BE H AV IO U R A ND T H E
L E A RNI N G P RO CE S S
L E D TO T H E T H E O RY OF CO N N E CTI O N ISM

L AY I NG T H E F O U N D ATI O N FO R MO D E RN
E D U CAT I O N AL P S Y CH O L O G Y
EDWARD LEE
THORNDIKE
EDWARD LEE
THORNDIKE
EDWARD LEE
THORNDIKE
PRINCIPLES
LEARNING
LAW O F REA D IN ESS
The primary law of learning
OF
LAW O F EX ERCISE LAW O F EF FEC T
state that the likely recurrence of
state that stimulus
the response is generally governed
response associations by its consequence or effect
are strengthened generally in the form of reward or
through repetition punishment
JOHN BROADUS
WATSON
BO RN JA NU A RY 09, 1878
D I ED S E P T E MBE R 25, 1958
BO RN IN G RE EN V I L L E , S O U T H CA RO L I NA

A ME RI CAN P SY CH O L OG I ST

E S TA BL IS HE D T H E P S Y CH O LO G I CAL
S CH O O L
O F BE H AV IO RIS M
" L IT T L E A L BE RT " E X P I RE ME N T
JOHN BROADUS
WATSON THE BEHAVIORIST MANIFESTO
"Psychology as the behaviorist views
it,
"is a purely objective experimental
branch of natural science. Its
theoretical goal is the prediction and
control of behavior. Introspection
forms no essential part of its methods,
nor is the scientific value of its data
dependent on the readiness with which
they lend themselves to interpretation
 THE "LITTLE ALBERT"
EXPERIMENT
OCCU RRE D I N 1920

O N E OF T H E MO S T CO N T RO V E RS I AL
E X P E RIME NT S IN T H E H IS TO RY OF
P S Y CH OL O G Y
I T WAS A N E X P E RI ME N T S H O WI N G
E M P IRI CA L E V I DE N CE O F CL A S S I CAL
CO ND I T I ON I NG I N H U MAN S
 THE "LITTLE ALBERT"
EXPERIMENT
TWO MONTHS AFTER TESTING ALBERT'S
APPARENTLY UNCONDITIONED REACTIONS TO
VAR IOUS STIMULI, WATSONS AND RAYNER
ATTEMPTED TO CONDITION HIM TO FEAR A
WHITE RAT. THIS WAS DONE BY PRESENTING A
WHITE RAT TO ALBERT, FOLLOWED B Y A LOUD
C LANGING SOUND OF THE HAMMER AND STEAL
B AR, WHENEVER ALB ERT TOUCHED THE
ANIMALS. AFTER SEVEN PAIRINGS OF THE RAT
AND NOISE, ALBERT REACTED WITH C RYING
AND AVOIDANCE WHEN THE R AT WAS
PRESENTED WITHOUT THE LOUD NOISE.
THE "LITTLE ALBERT"
EXPERIMENT
 BURHUSS
FREDERICK
SKINNER
BORN MARCH 20, 1904

DIED AUGUST 18, 1990

BORN IN SUSQUEHANNA PENNSYLVANIA

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST, AUTHOR, INVENTOR,

ADVOCATE FOR SOCIAL REFORM AND POET

INNOVATED HIS OWN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

CALLED RADICAL BEHAVIORISM
OPERANT CONDITIONING
O perant condi ti oning, som eti me s
referred t o a s i nst rume nt al condit ioni ng,
i s a met hod of l earning that e mpl oys
rewa rds and punishments for behavior.
Through ope ra nt condit i oning, an
associa ti on i s ma de bet ween a beha vi or
and a conse quence (whe the r negati ve or
posi ti ve) for t hat behavi or
OPERANT CONDITIONING
CHAMBER
A BOX LARGE ENOUGH TO EASILY
ACCOMMODATE THE ANIMAL
BEING USED AS A SUBJECT
(INCLUDING RATS AND PIGEONS)
IT CONTAINS ONE OR MORE
LEVERS THAT AN ANIMAL CAN
PRESS, ONE OR MORE STIMULUS
LIGHTS AND ON OR MORE
PLACES IN WHICH REINFORCERS
LIKE FOOD CAN BE DELIVERED.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
CHAMBER
OPERANT 2. REINFORCERS
Responses from the environment
1. NEUTRAL OPERANT that neither increase nor decrease
Responses from the the probability of a behavior
environment that neither being repeated, reinforcers can be
increase nor decrease the negative or positive
probability of a behavior
being repeated
3. PUNISHERS
Responses from the
environment that decrease
the likelihood of a behavior
being repeated. Punishment
weakens behavior.
OPERANT

• POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
• ON NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
• ON PUNISHMENT
 
REFERENCES
Brau, B., Fox, N., & Robinson, E. (2020). Behaviorism In R. Kimmons & S.
Caskurlu (Eds.), the Students' Guide to Learning Design and Research. EdTech
Books. https://edtechbooks.org/studentguide/behaviorism

Karbowski LM, Persinger MA. (2016)  

Experimental evidence of classical conditioning and microscopic engrams in an
electroconductive material. 
https://www.verywellmind.com/behavioral-psychology-4157183

Killeen, P., (2019). “Emergent Behaviorism”, in S. Modgil and C. Modgil (eds.), B.

F. Skinner: Consensus and Controversy, New York: Falmer.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/

McLeod S. (2022) Behaviorist Approach:

https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html
Thank You!
Do you have any questions for me
before we go?