★Contents

➤Introduction
➤History

➤ Domains

➤ A.I in daily life

➤ Smart Home

➤Future of A.I
 Introduction
➤What’s artificial intelligence or A.I?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer sciences
that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that
work and react like human. It is the ability of a computer
program or a machine to think and learn.

John McCarthy came up with the name "artificial

intelligence" in 1955.He is known as father of Artificial
intelligence.
 Lets see how AI is changing the World

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1CBN-z1-mg&t=17s
 Histor
1943 :McCullough and Pitts’ invented “artificial neurons”.
y
1950 : Inventions of Alan Turing’s “Computing machinery
and Intelligence”.
1951 : AI was using in Games.
1956 : Dartmouth conference; And the birth of AI.
1965 : Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning.
1969-79 :Early development of knowledge based systems
took place.
1980-88 : Expert system industry booms.
1988 - 93 : Expert system industry busts “AI winter”.
1993 -Present : AI is now using rapidly in different
technologies; And is achieving it’s goal.

* The duration between years 1974 to 1980 and between

1987 to 1993 was the first and second AI winter duration
respectively. AI winter refers to the time period where
computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of
funding from government for AI researches. During AI
winters, an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence
was decreased.
AI is an old concept but it has become more popular
today, Thanks to

1. Increased data volumes

2. Advanced algorithms
3. Improvements in computing power
4. Storage (GPUs)

Smart Hand: using AI, this

hand lets Amputee feel and
move object.
 Domains of AI

• Data
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• Computer vision
➤Data
Data is explained as facts and statistics collected
together for reference or analysis. Data is the
foundation of Artificial Intelligence.AI techniques
are based on a lot of data which the algorithm is
trained on to form models
➤Data
Types of data:

AI uses different types of data for different purposes. For

example:
a) Sound data for voice recognition systems.
b) Text data for automatic classifying systems.
c) Image and video data for compute vision systems.
➤Data - How it works???
➤Data
Rock, Paper & Scissors: A game based on Data for AI
where the machine tries to predict the next move of the
participant. It is a replica of basic rock, paper and
scissors game where the machine tries to win ahead by
learning from the participant’s previous moves.
Link for Game 1 (Rock, Paper and Scissors):

https://www.afiniti.com/corporate/rock-paper-scissors
➤Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing, usually
shortened as NLP, is a branch of artificial
intelligence that deals with the
interaction between computers and
humans using the natural language.

The ultimate objective of NLP is to read,

decipher, understand, and make sense General NLP process.

of the human languages in a manner

that is valuable.
➤Natural Language Processing
A typical interaction between humans and machines
using Natural Language Processing could go as follows:
 
1. A human talks to the machine
2. The machine captures the audio
3. Audio to text conversion takes place
4. Processing of the text’s data
5. Data to audio conversion takes place
6. The machine responds to the human by playing the
audio file
➤Natural Language Processing
Examples of NLP
•Language translation applications such as Google Translate
• Word Processors such as Microsoft Word and Grammarly
that employ NLP to check grammatical accuracy of texts.

• Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications used in call

centers to respond to certain users’ requests.

• Personal assistant applications such as OK Google, Siri,

Cortana, and Alexa.
➤Natural Language Processing
➤Natural Language Processing
➤Natural Language Processing

Mystery Animal: A game based on Natural Language

Processing where the participant has to guess the
animal by asking maximum 20 questions to AI. The
animal randomly gets selected for each game by AI and
the machine replies in either yes or no.
Link for Game 2 (Mystery Animal):

https://experiments.withgoogle.com/mystery-animal
➤Speech Recognition
The primary interactive method of communication used by
humans is not reading and writing, it is speech. The goal of
speech recognition research is to allow computers to
understand human speech. So that they can hear our voices
and recognize the words we are speaking.
It simplifies the process of interactive
communication between people
and computers, thus it advances the
goal of NLP.
Siri, on iOS using speech recognition.
➤Computer Vision
People generally use vision as their primary means of
sensing their environment, we generally see more than we
hear, feel or smell or taste. The goal of computer vision
research is to give computers this same powerful facility for
understanding their surrounding.

Lets understand what is CV??

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXgnmKcnyTg
➤Computer Vision

How face detection works??

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agGEDdj05U0
➤Computer Vision

Uses for Computer vision technology include:

* Autonomous vehicles
* Google Translate app
* Facial recognition
* Gaming and controls
* Surveillance

Face recognition process using AI.

➤Computer Vision
Emoji Scavenger Hunt: A game based on Computer
Vision where the machine initiates the game by showing
an Emoji. The participant is expected to show a similar
object in-front of the camera while the machine keeps
on guessing what is being shown to it.
Link for Game 3 (Emoji Scavenger Hunt):
https://emojiscavengerhunt.withgoogle.com/

Link for Game 4 (Thing Translator):

https://thing-translator.appspot.com/
➤ Decision making
Decision making is a crucial part of intelligence.
Example:
•If someone starts talking to us, we know how to keep
the conversation going. We can understand what
people mean and can reply in the same way.
•When we are hungry, we can come up with various
options on what to eat depending upon the food we
have at our homes.
•When we read something, we are able to understand
its meaning and answer anything regarding it.
➤ How do you make decisions?
The basis of decision making depends upon the availability
of information and how we experience and understand it.
‘Information’ includes our past experience, intuition,
knowledge, and self-awareness.
We can’t make “good” decisions without information
because then we have to deal with unknown factors and
face uncertainty, which leads us to make wild guesses,
flipping coins, or rolling a dice.
Having knowledge, experience, or insights given a certain
situation, helps us visualize what the outcomes could be.
and how we can achieve/avoid those outcomes.
➤ How do you make decisions?
➤ How do you make decisions?
Scenario 1
You are locked inside a room with 3 doors to move out
of the locked room and you need to find a safe door to get
your way out. Behind the 1st door is a lake with a shark. The
2nd door has a mad psychopath ready to kill with a weapon
and the third one has a lion that has not eaten since the last
2 months.
➤ How do you make decisions?
The answer is door number 3.

The reason being that since the lion has not eaten for 2
months, he wouldn't have survived till now and would
already be dead .
This makes going out from gate 3 the correct option.
Scenario 2
Aarti invited four of her friends to her House. They hadn't seen each
other in a long time, so they chatted all night long and had a good
time. In the morning, two of the friends Aarti had invited, died. The
police arrived at the house and found that both the friends were
poisoned and that the poison was in the strawberry pie.
The three surviving friends told the police that they hadn't eaten the
pie. The police asked," Why didn’t you eat the pie ?".
Shiv said, " I am allergic to strawberries.".
Seema said, " I am on a diet."
And Aarti said, "I ate too many strawberries while cooking the pie, I
just didn't want anymore."
The policemen looked at the pictures of the party and immediately
identified the murderer
The answer is Seema, can you guess how the police
could tell?
It’s because she said she is on a diet and in the picture,
she is eating a burger and fries which means she lied.
The above scenarios show that it’s the information which
helps humans take good decisions.
 Future of
A.I

Before we start discussion over future of AI, lets see

this video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5VN56jQMWM
 Future of
A.I
The future is really UNKNOWN.
Researchers seem to disagree on a lot of the same issues.
With the rate at which technology is improving it is logical to
believe AI will continue to get more and more sophisticated.

But we can imagine two different

kind of future of A.I. They are :
1) Positive
A robot helping a disable person.
2) Negative
➤Positive imagination of Future

Maybe, the day is not far when we will

just sit back in our cozy little beds and
just command our personal Robot's to
entirely do our ruts . He will be a
perfect companion for us. Just enjoy
the Technology. A ‘gardener’ theme robot.
➤Negative imagination of Future
It may end in other way too. Some day there will be a knock
at our door. As we open it, we’ll see a large number of
Robots marching into our house destroying everything we
own and looting you. This is because ever since there is an
advantage in the Technology, it attracts anti - social elements.
This is true for Robots too.
Because now they will have full power to
think as human, even as of anti-social
elements. So we should think trice before
giving them power of Cognition.
An imaginary soldier robot.
 Advantages of AI
1) Reduction in Human Error:AI system would have low error rate
compared to human ,if coded properly.
Example: In Weather Forecasting using AI they have reduced the majority of
human error.

2) Takes risks instead of Humans: We can overcome many risky limitations

of humans by developing an AI Robot which in turn can do the risky things for us. 
Example: going to mars, defuse a bomb , explore the deepest parts of oceans,
mining for coal and oil

3) Available 24x7:They don’t need to sleep,rest,take breaks or get entertained .

So we can make machines work 24x7 without any breaks and they don’t even get
bored or tired, unlike humans.
Example: Educational Institutes and Helpline centers are getting many queries
and issues which can be handled effectively using AI.
4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs: Using artificial intelligence we can
productively automate these mundane tasks and can even remove “boring” tasks
for humans and free them up to be increasingly creative.
Example: Sending a thanking mail, verifying certain documents for errors
 
5) Can avoid Fraud : The AI system can detect fraud in card based systems and
possibly other systems in the future
 
6) Faster Decisions: While taking a decision human will analyze many factors
both emotionally and practically but AI-powered machine works on what it is
programmed and delivers the results in a faster way.
 
Example: We all have played Chess games in Windows. It is nearly impossible to
beat CPU in the hard mode because of the AI behind that game. 
 Disadvantages of AI
1)High Costs of Creation: As AI is updating every day the
hardware and software need to get updated with time to meet the
latest requirements. It’ s creation requires huge costs as they are very
complex machines.

2)Making Humans Lazy: AI is making humans lazy with its

applications automating the majority of the work. Humans tend to
get addicted to these inventions which can cause a problem to future
generations.

3)Unemployment: As AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive

tasks and other works with robots,human interference is becoming
less which will cause a major problem in the employment standards. 
No Emotions: There is no doubt that machines are much better
when it comes to working efficiently but they cannot replace the
human connection that makes the team.

Lacking Out of Box Thinking: Machines can perform only those

tasks which they are designed or programmed to do, anything out of
that they tend to crash or give irrelevant outputs which could be a
major backdrop.
 Summary

These are some advantages and disadvantages of Artificial

Intelligence. Every new invention or breakthrough will have
both, but we as humans need to take care of that and use the
positive sides of the invention to create a better world.
Artificial intelligence has massive potential advantages. The
key for humans will ensure the “rise of the robots” doesn’t
get out of hand. Some people also say that Artificial
intelligence can destroy human civilization if it goes into the
wrong hands. But still, none of the AI applications made at
that scale that can destroy or enslave humanity.
 Types of AI

AI technologies are categorized by their capacity to mimic

human characteristics, the technology they use to do this
and their real – world applications.
AI is generally divided into three types :

1. Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI)

2. Artificial general intelligence (AGI)
3. Artificial superintelligence (ASI)
 Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) / Weak AI / Narrow AI
Narrow AI is goal-oriented, designed to perform singular tasks or it is s focused on
one narrow task. - i.e. facial recognition, speech recognition/voice assistants, driving a
car, or searching the internet - and is very intelligent at completing the specific task it
is programmed to do.It is widely used for NLP

Examples of narrow AI:

Google Search
Siri by Apple, Alexa by Amazon, Cortana by Microsoft and other virtual assistants
IBM's Watson
Image / facial recognition software
Email spam filters
Self-driving cars
Google Translate
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) / Strong AI / Deep AI
AGI is the concept of a machine with general intelligence that mimics
human intelligence and/or behaviors, with the ability to learn and
apply its intelligence to solve any problem. AGI can think,
understand, and act in a way that is indistinguishable from that of a
human in any given situation.
It is defined as a machine with the ability to apply intelligence to any
problem, rather than just one specific problem
Strong AI does not exist. Experts predict it may be developed by
2030 or 2045