Fire Fighting Awareness

Objective
• Understand the combustion process and different fire classes.

• Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures.

• Understand basic firefighting concepts:

• P.A.S.S

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Responsibilities
• Department Management: Provide training, equipment, tools and resources to conduct
fire fighting practical.

• All employees: Check fire fighting itself before going to the site. Make sure it has been
inspected. Report any damaged fire extinguisher in the base, site or equipment.
Employee needs to make sure is using the right ones.

• HSE Personnel: Advise management and employees to report all incidents.

• Third parties and Contractors: follow NESR’s Requirements and NESR’s Supervisor
instruction by using the right fire extinguishers. Also, they need to make sure they
have valid extinguishers in their vehicles.

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What is Fire
Fire is the heat and light energy released during a chemical reaction, in particular a
combustion reaction.

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 Where Fires Occur?
• 40% were outside fires • 22% were Vehicle Fires

• 31% were Structure Fires

7% were fires of other types

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Fires in the home often start in the:
• Kitchen 29%

• Bedroom 31%

• Living Room 5%

• Laundry Area 4%

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How Fires Start
Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three
elements to occur:

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How fires start
• FUEL
- Fuel can be any combustible material - solid, liquid or gas. Most solids and liquids
become a vapor or gas before they will burn.

• OXYGEN
- The air we breath is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at
least 16 percent oxygen.

• HEAT
- Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where
sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.

• Chemical Reaction
- Together, they produce the chemical reaction that is fire.

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Review
• What are the three elements which cause fire?

• What are the responsibilities?

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Fire Classification

Class A : Ordinary Combustibles

- Wood
- Paper
- Cotton

Remember that it is the vapors of these fuels which burn.

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Fire Classification
• Class B : Flammable Liquids & Gases

- Diesel
- Oil
- Solvents
- Grease
- Paints

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 Fire Classification

• Class C : Energized Electrical Equipment

- Appliances
- Switches
- Panel boxes

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Fire Classification

• Class D :Combustible Metals

- Aluminum
- Sodium
- Magnesium

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Fire Classification K

• Class K : Cooking Oils and Fats

• Fires involving combustible oils, lards and fats in commercial cooking.

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Heat Source
Anything which has enough energy to initiate combustion.

• Electricity: Defective wiring, motors, switches, circuit breakers…

Most dangerous ignition source is static electricity!

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Heat Source

• Friction: Bearing running dry, grinding, chiseling,

drilling, Steel against steel, steel against concrete.

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Heat Source
• Open flames: matches, candles, lighters

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Heat Source
• Cutting and Welding.

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Fire Prevention
• Keep Fuel and heat source isolated

Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
Source
Oxygen
Oxygen Oxygen

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Fire Prevention
Class A - Ordinary combustibles:

• Keep storage and working areas free of trash, Place oily rags in Oil Waste Can.

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 Fire Prevention
Class B - Flammable liquids or gases:

• Don't refuel gasoline-powered equipment in a confined space, especially in the presence of an

open flame such as a furnace.

• Don't refuel gasoline-powered equipment while it's hot.

• Prevent motors from overheating by keeping them clean and in good working order. A spark from
a rough running motor can ignite the oil and dust in it.

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 Fire Prevention
• Keep flammable liquids stored in tightly closed, self-closing, spill-proof containers. Get from
storage drums only what you'll need.
• Store flammable liquids away from spark-producing sources.
• Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.

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Fire Prevention
Class C - Electrical equipment:

• Look for old wiring and broken electrical fittings.

Report any hazardous condition to your supervisor.

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Fire Prevention
• Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.

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Fire Prevention
Class D - Flammable metals:

• Flammable metals such as magnesium and titanium generally take a very hot heat
source to ignite; however, once ignited are difficult to extinguish as the burning
reaction produces sufficient oxygen to support combustion, even under water

• In some cases, covering the burning metal with sand can help contain the heat and
sparks from the reaction.

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Review
• What is fire prevention?

• Fire extinguisher marked ABC can be used on:

A) Wood, Paper
B) Electrical
C) Liquids and grease
D) All of the above

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 Fire Extinguishers
Carbon dioxide CO2 extinguishers

• Suitable for class “B” “C” ”D” fires, petrochemical products, taints, resins, pigments, gases.

• Have a large "tapered" nozzle (horn)

• They are very heavy to lift

• These are all high-pressure cylinders.

Function :
Extinguishes small fires in an enclosed space by excluding air.

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 Fire Extinguishers
ABC Dry Powder Type Fire Extinguisher multi purpose:

• Suitable For class “A” “B” “C” fires, Paper, Wood, Cotton, Petrochemical, Paints, Resins, Acetylene

• Almost always RED in color

• Have either a long narrow hose or no hose (just a short nozzle)

• They are very light to lift

• Halon extinguishers look virtually identical to ABC multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers.

Function :
Interferes with the chemistry of the fire.

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 Fire Extinguishers
Water Co 2 Fire extinguishers:
• Suitable for class A, paper, wood, cotton

• Usually silver (crome-metal) in color

• Have a flat bottom

• Have a long narrow hose, are quite large (2-1/2 gallons).

*** Water is not efficient and can be lethal (conduct electricity) for B
& C fires!

Function :
Cool the burning material below its ignition temperature.
Cool tanks & pipes to prevent the fire from affecting them.

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 Fire Extinguishers
Foam Fire Extinguishers:
• Suitable For class “A” “B” fires.

Foam blanket must completely cover the fuel.

Function :
Float a continuous blanket over the surface of fire to
prevent the inflammable vapors from escaping.

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Review
• Fire extinguisher marked with an A is used on:

A) oil fires
B) Electrical fires
C) paper material fires
D) none of the above

• Fire extinguisher marked with an B is used on:

A) Paper, trash
B) Oil or Grease
C) Electrical
D) Non of the above

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How to Use Fire Extinguishers?
Remember the acronym, "P.A.S.S."
• Pull- the Pin

• Aim- the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames

• Squeeze- trigger while holding the extinguisher upright

• Sweep- the extinguisher from side to side, covering the area of the fire with the extinguishing
agent.

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Fire Fighting Rules
Fire Fighting Procedure:

• Raise the alarm

• Select the suitable fire extinguisher close to you and try it before going close to fire

• Check wind direction (use the wind to protect yourself)

• Fight fire at flames base

• Do not waste fire extinguisher

• Never turn back after extinguishing a fire

• Cool the area with water

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 Fire Fighting Rules
Panic:
• May result in sever loss to people & property

• Don’t assume or imagine

• May result in unexpected accidents

• Make you do things that can kill you & others

• People are in such state that they are rarely able to save themselves.

To avoid panic, you have to understand :

• What is going on

• What to do

• Where to go & how to get there

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 Fire Fighting Rules
To avoid Panic:

- Each Employee should be familiar with:

• Alarms, emergency exits, as well as the position of extinguishers

• All the procedures.

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 Fire Fighting Rules

• Wet sheets & towels stuff the cracks of door

• Put mattress against door

• Wet towel around your nose/swing towel around room

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 Review
• What are the fire fighting rules?

• What do we need to understand to avoid panic?

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 Summary
• Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes

• Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size

• Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them

• Ensure area is evacuated

• Avoid smoky conditions

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