ZUHAIR NASIR

TOPIC: GENDER
SOCIOLOGY
 GENDER
• Gender identity is defined as a personal conception of oneself as male or female (or
rarely, both or neither).
• Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self-identified, as a result of a combination of
inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors.
• For example, if a person considers himself a male and is most comfortable referring to his
personal gender in masculine terms, then his gender identity is male. However, his gender
role is male only if he demonstrates typically male characteristics in behavior, dress,
and/or mannerisms.
 GENDER EQUALITY
• Gender equality means that the difference between behaviors, aspirations, and needs of
woman and men are considered, valued and favored equally.
• The state in which access to rights or opportunities is unaffected by gender.
• The process of being fair to men and women.
 GENDER EQUITY
• Gender equality is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibility
•  Gender equity refers to “fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their
respective needs.
• This may include equal treatment or treatment that is different but considered equivalent in
term of rights, benefits, obligation and opportunities.
 GENDER DISCRIMINATIOM
• Discrimination strikes at the very heart of being human. It is harming someone’s rights
simply because of who they are or what they believe. Discrimination is harmful and
perpetuates inequality.
• No country has yet achieved full gender equality and women across the world continue to suffer from
discrimination and unequal rights and opportunities.
• Even in many high-income countries, women often get paid less than men for the same jobs,
face gender-based discrimination and violence, and suffer from misogynistic attitudes
and sexist policies that restrict their autonomy over their own bodies.
 RACISM
• Racism, also called racialism, the belief that humans may be divided into separate and 
exclusive biological entities called “races”
• The belief that different races possess distinct characteristics, abilities, or qualities,
especially so as to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one another.
• That there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality,
intellect, morality, and other cultural and behavioral features; and that some races are
innately superior to others.
• For example in America they believe the blacks are inferior to the whites.
 GENDER AND CULTURE
• Expectations about attributes and behaviors appropriate to women or men and about the
relations between women and men – in other words, gender – are shaped by culture.
• Gender functions as an organizing principle for society because of the cultural meanings
given to being male or female.
• The patterns and the explanations differ among societies and change over time.
 DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER
• Gender equality is considered a critical element in achieving Decent Work for All Women
and Men,
• Around age two: Children become conscious of the physical differences between boys and girls.
• Before their third birthday: Most children can easily label themselves as either a boy or a girl.
• By age four: Most children have a stable sense of their gender identity.
THANK YOU!