IMT309: VISUAL PROGRAMMING

MODULE THREE
on

VB.NET Control
Structures
Prepared By : D H Usman
 Module Summary
 This module captioned “Control Structure” is mainly
focused on the working principle of various control
Structures in VB and their implementation in
Programming.
 Various Practical Examples have been included in
this module relating to real life problems for the
better understanding of the concepts.
 Programming questions, Output related questions are
formed so as to improve the logical & problem
solving ability of the students.
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 Control Flow
 In a program, statements may be executed
sequentially, selectively or iteratively. Every
programming language provides constructs to
support sequence, selection or iteration. So
there are three types of programming
constructs :
 Sequential Constructs
 Selection Constructs
 Iterative Constructs
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 Sequential Construct
 The sequential construct means the statements
are being executed sequentially. This
represents the default flow of statements.

Stament 1

Stament 2

Stament 3
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 Selection Construct
 The selection construct means the execution of
statement(s) depending upon the condition-
test. If a condition evaluates to true, a course-
of-action (a set of statements) is followed
otherwise another course-of-action is
followed. This construct is also called decision
construct as it helps in decision making.

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 Selection Construct
One course-of-action
true
Condition
? Statement 1 Statement 2

false

Statement 1 Another
course-
of-action

Statement 2

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 Iterative Constructs
 The iterative or repetitive constructs
means repetition of a set-of-statements
depending upon a condition-test. A set-
of-statements are repeated again and
again till the condition or Boolean
Expression evaluates to true. The
iteration constructs are also called as
looping constructs.
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 Iterative Construct

false
Condition
?
The exit condition
True

Statement 1 The loop

body

Statement 2

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 Selection Constructs
 VB provides two types of selection construct :
 1) If statement
 2) Select Case statement
 The If Statement : If statement of VB comes in
various forms & are given below:
 1) If..Then Statement
 2) If..Then..Else Statement
 3) If..Then..ElseIf Statement
 4) Nested Ifs
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 If..Then Statement
 Def. : An If..Then statement tests a particular
condition; if the condition evaluates to true, a
course-of-action is followed otherwise it is
ignored.
 Syntax :

If (boolean expression) Then

statements
End If
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 If..Then Statement
 Example 1. :
If (Num>0) Then
Print “It is a positive number”
End if

 Example 2 :
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print “You are eligible to vote”
End if
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 If..Then..Else Statement
 If..Then..Else statement provides an alternate choice
to the user i.e. if the condition is true then a set of
statements are executed otherwise another set of
statements are executed.
 Syntax :

If (boolean Expression) Then

VB Statement(s)
Else
VB Statement(s)
End If
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 Examples of If..Then..Else
 Example 1 :
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print “You are eligible to vote”
Else
Print “Sorry, You are not eligible to vote”
End If

 Example 2 :
If Num Mod 2=0 Then
Print “It is an Even Number”
Else
Print “It is an Odd Number”
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End If
 If..Then..ElseIf Statement
 If..Then..ElseIf statement is used to test a number of mutually
exclusive cases and only executes one set of statements for the
case that is true first.
 Syntax :

If (Boolean Expression) Then

Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 2) Then
Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 3) Then
Statement(s)
:
[ Else
Statement(s)
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End If
 Example of If..Then..ElseIf
If (Age<=4) Then
Print “Your rate is free.”
ElseIf (Age<=12) Then
Print “You qualify for the children’s rate.”
ElseIf (Age<65) Then
Print “You must pay full rate”
Else
Print “You qualify for the seniors’ rate.”
End If Prepared by: D H Usman 15
 Nested Ifs
 A nested If is an if that has another If in its if’s body
or in its else’s body. The nested if can have one of the
following three forms :
1. If (expresssion 1) Then
If (expression 2 ) Then
Statement 1
[Else
Statement 2
End If
Else
body-of-else]
End If
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 Nested Ifs
2. If (expression 1) Then
body-of-if
Else
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement-1
[Else
Statement-2]
End If Prepared by: D H Usman 17
 Nested If’s
3) If (expression 1) Then
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement-1
[Else
Statement-2]
End If
Else
If (expression 3) Then
Statement-3
[Else
Statement-4]
:
End If
End If Prepared by: D H Usman 18

 Example of Nested If’s
If Num>0 Then
Print “It is a positive number”
Else
If Num<0 Then
Print “It is a negative number”
Else
Print “The number is equal to zero”
End If
End If Prepared by: D H Usman 19
 Select-Case Statement
 Select-Case is a multiple branching statement
and is used to executed a set of statements
depending upon the value of the expression. It
is better to use Select-Case statement in
comparison to If..Then..ElseIf Statement when
the number of checks are more. There are 3
different forms of using Select-Case statements
and are given below :

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 Example 1
Select Case marks
Case Is < 50
Result = “Fail”
Case Is < 60
Result = “Grade B”
Case Is < 75
Result = “Grade A”
Case Else
Result = “Grade A+”
End Select
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 Iterative Constructs (Looping
Structures)
 Loop : A loop is said to be the set of
instructions which are repeated again and again
in a program.
 Types of Loops in VB :
1) Sentinel-controlled Loop Structures : repeat
statements until a special value called sentinel
value (or the terminating value) is reached.
2) Counter-controlled Loop Structures : repeat the
set of statements until the value specified by
the counter variable is reached.
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 Looping Structures
 VB offers broadly following three types of
looping structures :
1. For..Next
2. Do Loop
a) Do While..Loop
b) Do..Loop While
c) Do Until..Loop
d) Do..Loop Until
3. While..Wend
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 For..Next Statement
 This type of statement is used when the user
knows in advance how many times the loop is
going to be executed.

 Syntax :
For <counter Variable>=<start_val> To <end_val> Step
<increment/Decrement Value>
‘ One or more VB Statements
Next <counter Variable>
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 Examples
 Example 1 : Generate natural no’s from 1 to
100
For I = 1 To 100
Print I
Next I
 Example 2 : Generate first 20 even no’s.

For E = 2 to 40 Step 2
Print E
Next E
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 Do..Loop Structures
 Do While..Loop : Do While loop is an entry
controlled loop in which the condition is
placed at the entry point. This statement
executes the statements specified in the body
of the loop till the condition evaluates to true.
The loop may not be executed at all the if the
condition is initially false.
 Syntax :

Do While <condition or boolean expression>

‘ One or more VB Statements
Loop Prepared by: D H Usman 26
 Examples of Do While..Loop
 Example 1 : Never executes loop
Dim A as Byte
A=10
Do While A>10
A=A-1
Loop
 Example 2 : Executes loop

Dim P as Byte
P=20
Do While P>5
P=P-2
Loop
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 Do..Loop While
 Do Loop While is an exit controlled loop as
the condition is placed at exit point. The body
of the loop is going to be executed at least
once whether the condition evaluates to true or
false. Loop is executed as long as the result of
the condition remains true.
 Syntax :

Do
One or more VB Statements
Loop While <condition or Boolean Expression>28
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 Examples
 Example 1 :
Do
num = InputBox (“Enter a number”)
sum = sum + num
Loop While num < > 0
 Here the statements inside the loop will be

executed once no matter what the comparison

test evaluates to.
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 Do..Until Loop
 Do Until loop is an entry controlled loop in which the
condition is placed at the entry point. This statement
executes the statements specified in the body of the
loop till the condition evaluates to false. The loop
may not be executed at all the if the condition is
initially true.
 Syntax :

Do Until <condition or boolean expression>

‘ One or more VB Statements
Loop

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 Examples of Do Until..Loop
 Example 1 : Never executes loop
Dim A as Byte
A=10
Do Until A<10
A=A-1
Loop
 Example 2 : Executes loop

Dim P as Byte
P=20
Do Until P<5
P=P-2
Loop
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 Do..Loop Until
 Do Loop Until is an exit controlled loop as the
condition is placed at exit point. The body of
the loop is going to be executed at least once
whether the condition evaluates to true or
false. Loop is executed as long as the result of
the condition remains false.
 Syntax :

Do
One or more VB Statements
Loop Until <condition or Boolean Expression> 32
Prepared by: D H Usman
 Examples
 Example 1 :
Do
num = InputBox (“Enter a number”)
sum = sum + num
Loop Until num = 0
 Here the statements inside the loop will be

executed once no matter what the comparison

test evaluates to.
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 While..Wend
 While..Wend loop is functionally equivalent to
the Do While..Loop. It executes a set of VB
statements till the condition evaluates to true.

Syntax :
While <Condition>
one or more vb statements
Wend
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 Examples
 Example 1 : Generate the sum of first 10
natural no’s
I=1
While I<=10
Sum = Sum + I
I=I+1
Wend
Print “Sum of 10 natural no’s = ” ; Sum
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 Nested Loops
 A loop within another loop is called as Nested
Loop.
 Example :

For I = 1 to 5
For J = 1 To 3
Print J Inner Loop Outer Loop
Next J
Print
Next I
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 Working with Nested Loops
 In nested loops the inner loop is executed
completely for one time execution of the outer
loop. In the Previous example the Inner Loop
will be executed three times for every
execution of the outer loop.
 Nested loops are very useful when there is a
requirement to generate different kind of
patterns as output.

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 Examples
 Example : Program to generate the output given below :
1
22
333
4444
55555
 Sol :
For I = 1 To 5
For J = 1 To I
Print I;
Next J
Print
Next I Prepared by: D H Usman 38