Topic 02 - ILO, IsO Etc

IHS 514
SAFETY, HEALTH &

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
Always Safety First
IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

2
Occupational Health and Safety Tips
• Workplace safety is an important part of any job and requires that everyone in the company adhere
to the safety guidelines and policies in place. Carefully following appropriate safety guidelines can go
a long way toward preventing workplace injuries.
• Here are some ways you can work to stay safe on the job
– Be Aware
– Maintain Correct Posture
– Take Breaks Regularly
– Use Equipment Properly
– Locate Emergency Exits
– Report Safety Concerns
– Practice Effective Housekeeping
– Make Use of Mechanical Aids
– Reduce Workplace Stress
– Use Appropriate Safety Equipment
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4
Focus During the Semester
• In this Course we will be focusing on:
– International Labor Organization (ILO) Conventions
– OSHA
– ISO 45001:2018
– ISO 14001:2015
– Environment Protection Legislations & Labor Laws with respect to Saudi
Arabia

5
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION
(ILO) CONVENTIONS
International Labor Organization (ILO)
• Founded in 1919
• ILO Constitution sets forth the principle that workers must be protected from
sickness, disease and injury arising from their employment
• According to the most recent ILO global estimates, 2.78 million work-related deaths
are recorded every year, of which 2.4 million are related to occupational diseases
• Losses in terms of compensation, lost workdays, interrupted production, training
and reconversion, as well as health-care expenditure, represent around 3.94 per
cent of the world’s annual GDP
• ILO standards on occupational safety and health provide essential tools for
governments, employers and workers to establish such practices and provide for
maximum safety at work

8
ILO Conventions and Recommendations
• Fundamental principles to guide national and enterprise policies for prevention and
management of OSH, including organizational measures and procedures on core
OSH standards
• Good practices concerning general protection measures, such as the control of air
pollution, noise and vibration in the working environment
• Protection in specific branches of economic activity, such as agriculture, mining and
construction; and
• Protection against specific risks; prevention of occupational cancer, radiation
protection, safety in the use of chemicals, and the prevention of major industrial
accidents

9
Key Instruments On Occupational Safety And Health
• Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187)
– aimed at establishing and implementing coherent national policies on occupational safety and
health through dialogue between government, workers’ and employers’ organizations and to
promote a national preventive safety and health culture
• Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) and its Protocol of 2002
– provides for the adoption of a coherent national occupational safety and health policy, as well
as action to be taken by governments and within enterprises to promote occupational safety
and health and to improve working conditions
• Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. 161)

– provides for the establishment of enterprise-level occupational health services which are
entrusted with essentially preventive functions and which are responsible for advising the
employer, the workers and their representatives in the enterprise on maintaining a safe and
healthy working environment
10
ILO & OSH Management System
• Employer is accountable for and has a duty to organize occupational safety and
health
• Implementation of an OSH management system is one useful approach to fulfilling
this duty
• ILO has designed guidelines as a practical tool for assisting organizations and
competent institutions as a means of achieving continual improvement in OSH
performance
• Guidelines should contribute to the protection of workers from hazards and to the
elimination of work-related injuries, ill health, diseases, incidents and deaths

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ILO Guidelines for OSH Management System
• At national level, the guidelines should:
a) be used to establish a national framework for OSH management systems, preferably
supported by national laws and regulations;
b) provide guidance for the development of voluntary arrangements to strengthen compliance
with regulations and standards leading to continual improvement in OSH performance; and
c) provide guidance on the development of both national and tailored guidelines on OSH
management systems to respond appropriately to the real needs of organizations, according
to their size and the nature of their activities
• At the level of the organization, the guidelines are intended to:
a) provide guidance regarding the integration of OSH management system elements in the
organization as a component of policy and management arrangements; and
b) motivate all members of the organization, particularly employers, owners, managerial staff,
workers and their representatives, in applying appropriate OSH management principles and
methods to continually improve OSH performance
12
Elements of The National Framework For OSH Management Systems
ILO Guidelines
on OSH - MS
National OSH – MS in
Guidelines on Organizations
OSH - MS
Tailored
Guidelines on
OSH - MS

13
Main Elements of OSH Management System
Policy Continuous
Improvement
Action for
Improvement Organizing
Audit
Planning &
Evaluation Implementation

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Saudi Arabia & ILO
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been an ILO member state since 1976
• KSA Has ratified 18 ILO Conventions, including six of eight core Conventions
• 18 Conventions and 1 Protocol
– Fundamental Conventions: 6 of 10
– Governance Conventions (Priority): 1 of 4
– Technical Conventions: 11 of 176
– Out of 18 Conventions and 1 Protocol ratified by Saudi Arabia, of which 19 are
in force, No Convention has been denounced; none have been ratified in the
past 12 months.

15
Saudi Arabia & ILO
Fundamental
Convention Date
C029 - Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) 15 Jun 1978
P029 - Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 26 May 2021
C100 - Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) 15 Jun 1978
C105 - Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) 15 Jun 1978
C111 - Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) 15 Jun 1978
C138 - Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) : Minimum age: 15 years 02 Apr 2014
C182 - Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) 08 Oct 2001
Governance (Priority)
Convention Date
C081 - Labour Inspection Convention, 1947 (No. 81) 15 Jun 1978

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Saudi Arabia & ILO
Technical
Convention Date
C001 - Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 1) 15 Jun 1978
C014 - Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921 (No. 14) 15 Jun 1978
C030 - Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930 (No. 30) 15 Jun 1978
C045 - Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 (No. 45) 15 Jun 1978
C089 - Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 89) 15 Jun 1978
C090 - Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1948 (No. 90) 15 Jun 1978
C095 - Protection of Wages Convention, 1949 (No. 95) 07 Dec 2020
C106 - Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1957 (No. 106) 15 Jun 1978
C120 - Hygiene (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1964 (No. 120) 07 Dec 2020
C174 - Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993 (No. 174) 08 Oct 2001

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• Regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had
federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces
• OSHA's mission is to “assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men
and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach,
education and assistance”
• OSH Act states that workers have the right to a safe workplace and that it is the
employer’s responsibility to provide safe and healthy workplaces
• OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and
injury costs without adverse effects to employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm
survival

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OSHA’s Mission
• Developing job safety and health standards and enforcing them through worksite
inspections
• Providing training programs to increase knowledge about occupational safety and
health

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Core Elements
• Management Leadership
• Worker Participation
• Hazard Identification and Assessment
• Hazard Prevention and Control
• Education and Training
• Program Evaluation and Improvement
• Communication and Coordination for Host Employers, Contractors, and Staffing
Agencies

21
Types of OSHA Standards
• OSHA standards fall into four categories:
– General Industry
– Maritime
– Construction
– Agriculture
• Limit the amount of hazardous chemicals workers can be exposed to, require the
use of certain safe practices and equipment, and require employers to monitor
hazards and keep records of workplace injuries and illnesses

22
Types of OSHA Standards
• OSHA issues standards for a wide variety of workplace hazards, including:
– Toxic substances
– Electrical hazards
– Fall hazards
– Hazardous waste
– Machine hazards
– Infectious diseases
– Fire and explosion hazards and
– Dangerous atmospheres

23
OSHA Standards
• Part 1910 – General Industry. Includes topics such as hazard communication, walking working
surfaces, PPE, powered platforms, hazardous materials, confined space safety, and noise exposure
• Part 1915 – Maritime. Includes topics such as welding, scaffolds, ladders, general working
conditions, tools, rigging and material handling
• Part 1917 – Maritime Terminals. Includes topics such as terminal operations, cargo handling gear,
first aid and lifesaving facilities, terminal facilities
• Part 1918 – Longshoring. Includes topics such as gangways, working surfaces, opening and closing
hatches, cargo handling, vessel cargo handling gear, and gear certification
• Part 1926 – Construction. Includes topics such as exit routes, environmental controls, walking-
working surfaces, ladders, fall protection, hazardous materials, PPE, and permit-required confined
spaces
• Part 1928 – Agriculture. Includes topics such as safety for agricultural equipment, employee
operating instruction, guarding farm field equipment, cotton gins, environmental controls,
occupational health

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Most Frequently Cited Standards

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Different Types of OSHA Inspections
• Unprogrammed Inspections – OSHA conducts inspections without advance notice, except in rare
circumstances (for example, when there is a report of an Imminent Danger)
Priority Category of Inspection
1st Imminent Danger
2nd Fatality / Catastrophe
3rd Complaints / Referrals
4th Programmed Inspections
• Programmed Inspections - most common type of inspection and are scheduled based upon objective
or neutral selection criteria
• OSHA also conducts Follow-up and Monitoring Inspections. Made as needed, and take priority over
Programmed Inspections
• Monitoring inspections are made to make sure hazards are being corrected and workers are
protected
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Types of Violations
• Willful Violation – cited when the employer intentionally and knowingly commits the violation. It is
also cited when the employer commits a violation with plain indifference to the law
• Repeated Violation – when it is the same as a similar or previous violation
• Serious Violation – cites a serious violation where there is substantial probability that death or
serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the
hazard
• Other-than-serious violation – cited when the violation has a direct relationship to safety and
health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm
• De Minimis – conditions where an employer has implemented a measure different from one
specified in a standard, that has no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health. These
conditions do not result in citations or penalties
• Failure to Abate Violation – exists when a previously cited hazardous condition, practice or non-
complying equipment has not been brought into compliance since the prior inspection (i.e., the
violation remains continuously uncorrected) and is discovered at a later inspection
28
The OSH Act of 1970
• OSHA was created to provide workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace
• OSH Act of 1970 Section 5(a) Duties - General Duty Clause.
a) Each employer:
1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of
employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are
likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated
under this Act
b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and
all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable
to his own actions and conduct

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"Recognized" Hazards
• Recognition of a hazard is established on the basis of industry recognition, employer
recognition, or "common sense" recognition criteria
• Industry Recognition – A hazard is recognized if the employer's industry recognizes it. For
example, local codes etc.
• Employer Recognition – A recognized hazard can be established by evidence of actual

employer knowledge. Evidence may consist of previous written or oral statements by
managers, supervisors, and employees clearly recognizing the hazard.
• Common Sense Recognition – If industry or employer recognition of the hazard cannot be

established, recognition can still be established if it is concluded that any reasonable person
would have recognized the hazard. This argument is used by OSHA only in flagrant cases.
e.g., use an unenclosed chute to dump bricks into an alleyway 26 feet below where
unwarned employees worked

30
Employer Responsibilities
• Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards and comply with OSHA standards
• Provide training required by OSHA standards
• Keep records of injuries and illnesses
• Set up a reporting system;
– Provide copies of logs (i.e., OSHA 300), upon request; Post the annual summary;
– Report within 8 hours any work-related fatalities and within 24 hours, all work-related: inpatient
hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye.
• Provide medical exams when required by OSHA standards and provide workers access to their
exposure and medical records
• Not discriminate against workers who exercise their rights under the Act
• Post OSHA citations and abatement verification notices
• Provide and pay for most Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

31
Worker Rights
• A safe and healthful workplace
• Be free from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights
• Raise a safety or health concern with your employer or OSHA, or report a work-related injury or illness, without
being retaliated against
• Receive information and training on job hazards, including all hazardous substances in your workplace
• Request an OSHA inspection of your workplace if you believe there are unsafe or unhealthy conditions. OSHA
will keep your name confidential. You have the right to have a representative contact OSHA on your behalf
• Refuse to do a task if you believe it is unsafe or unhealthful
• Participate (or have your representative participate) in an OSHA inspection and speak in private to the inspector
• File a complaint with OSHA within 30 days (by phone, online or by mail) if you have been retaliated against for
using your rights
• See any OSHA citations issued to your employer
• Request copies of your medical records, tests that measure hazards in the workplace, and the workplace injury
and illness log

32
Worker Rights
• Right to Know About Hazardous Chemicals
• Right to Information About Injuries/Illnesses
• Right to Complain or Request Corrections
• Right to Training
• Right to Participate in OSHA Inspections
• Right to Examine Exposure and Medical Records
• Right to Refuse Dangerous Work
• Right to File an OSHA Complaint

33
Hazard Identification and Assessment
• Action item 1: Collect existing information about workplace hazards
• Action item 2: Inspect the workplace for safety hazards
• Action item 3: Identify health hazards
• Action item 4: Conduct incident investigations
• Action item 5: Identify hazards associated with emergency and nonroutine
situations
• Action item 6: Characterize the nature of identified hazards, identify interim control
measures, and prioritize the hazards for control

34
Categories of Hazards

35
Categories of Hazards
• Physical hazards – typically entail a transfer of energy from an object, such as a box falling off a
shelf, which results in an injury. Most widely recognized hazards and include contact with equipment
or other objects, working at heights, and slipping. Also includes noise, vibration, temperature,
electricity, atmospheric conditions, and radiation.
• Ergonomic hazards – occur as a result of the interaction of work design and the human body, such
as work-station design, tool shape, repetitive work, requirements to sit/stand for long periods, and
manual handling of materials. Often viewed as a subset of physical hazards
• Chemical hazards – cause harm to human tissue or interfere with normal physiological functioning.
The short-term effects of chemical hazards can include burns and disorientation. Longer-term effects
of chemical hazards include cancer and lead poisoning. While some chemical substances are
inherently harmful, ordinarily safe substances can be rendered hazardous by specific conditions. For
example, oxygen is essential to human life, but in high doses can be harmful
• Biological hazards are organisms – such as bacteria, molds, funguses, or the products of organisms
(e.g., tissue, blood, feces) that harm human health.
• Psycho-social hazards are social, environmental, and psychological factors that can affect human
health and safety
36
Hazard Prevention and Control
• Action item 1: Identify control options
• Action item 2: Select controls
• Action item 3: Develop and update a hazard control plan
• Action item 4: Select controls to protect workers during nonroutine operations and
emergencies
• Action item 5: Implement selected controls in the workplace
• Action item 6: Follow up to confirm that controls are effective

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38
ISO 45001
ISE 45001
• ISO 45001 is the world’s international standard for occupational health and safety,
issued to protect employees and visitors from work-related accidents and diseases
• Designed to take other existing occupational health and safety standards, such as
OHSAS 18001, into account – as well as the ILO’s labor standards, conventions
and safety guidelines
• Has the ultimate goal of helping businesses provide a healthy and safe working
environment for their employees and everyone else who visits the workplace. This
goal can be achieved by controlling factors that could potentially lead to injury,
illness and – in extreme situations – even death
• ISO 45001 is concerned with mitigating any factors that are harmful or that pose a
danger to workers’ physical and/or mental well-being

40
ISO 45001
• ISO 45001 has seen a 97.3% increase in worldwide certificates in 2020, showing
the growth and importance of UKAS accredited certification in recent times
• Helps you with:
– Worker Safety
– Risk Management
– Risk Reduction
– Injury Prevention
– Enhanced Occupational Health Measures
– Statutory Identification and Compliance Evaluation
– Improve Productivity
– Enhance Organizational Safety Culture

41
ISO 45001 — The Fundamentals
• ISO 45001:2018 is the replacement to OHSAS 18001
• International ISO standard for Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems (OHSMS)
• Not only has the standard superseded OHSAS 18001, it makes integration with
other management systems simpler than ever before; because it shares the new
common structure defined by Annex SL, it is directly aligned with the 2015 versions
of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

42
PDCA Cycle in Context of ISO 45001
Plan: Do: Check: Act:
Understand the context of the organization including Implement the processes as Monitor, measure and evaluate Take actions to continually
OH&S risk and opportunities. Establish OH&S objectives, planned to including worker OH&S activities and processes improve to including findings of
processes and resources required to deliver results in participation, hazard identification incidents, addressing non-
accordance with the organizations OH&S Policy and emergency preparedness conformance and audit findings.
SCOPE OF THE OH&S MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM (4.3/4.4)
CONTEXT OF THE
SUPPORT &
ORGANIZATION
OPERATION
(4) (7, 8)
PLAN DO
LEADER &
INTERNAL & PERFORMANC INTENDED OUTCOMES
PLANNING WORKER
EXTERNAL ISSUES (6) PARTICIPATION
E EVALUATION OF THE
(4.1) (9) OH&S MS
(6)
NEEDS AND ACT CHECK

EXPECTATIONS OF IMPROVEMENT
RELEVANT (10)
INTERESTED
PARTIES (4.2)

43
Benefits of Health & Safety Certification
• Reduced operating costs
– Less down-time due to incidents and ill health and lower costs from legal fees
and compensation means money saved.
• Improved stakeholder relationships
– Make the health and property of staff, customers and suppliers more of a
priority and people will respond.
• Legal compliance
– Understand how statutory and regulatory requirements impact your
organization and its customers.
• Improved risk management
– Identify potential incidents and implement controls and measures to keep risk
as low as possible, protecting employees and customers from harm.
44
Benefits of Health & Safety Certification
• Proven business credentials
– Independent verification against a globally recognized industry standard
speaks volumes.
• Customer satisfaction and safety
– Meet customer requirements consistently whilst safeguarding their health and
property.
• Corporate Social Responsibility
– Implementation of a structured management system can aid demonstration of
CSR and organizational culture.

45
ISO 14000
ISO 14000 Standard
• ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that
exists to help organizations:
a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the
environment (i.e. cause adverse changes to air, water, or land)
b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented
requirements; and
c) continually improve in the above
• ISO 14000 standards and practices can be applied to any organization, regardless
of size or industry
• ISO 14000 is similar to ISO 9000 quality management in that both pertain to the
process of how a product is produced, rather than to the product itself

47
ISO 14000 history
• First environmental management system standard, BS 7750, was published in 1992
by the BSI group
• In 1996, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the ISO
14000 family of standards
• ISO 14001 underwent revision in 2004
• The current revision of ISO 14001 was published in September 2015

48
Basic Principles and Methodology
• Basic principles of ISO 14001 are based on the well-known Plan-Do-Check-Act
(PDCA) cycle
• Plan: Establish objectives and processes required
• Do: Implement the processes
• Check: Measure and monitor the processes and report results
• Act: Take action to improve performance of EMS based on results
• ISO 14001 encourages a company to continually improve its environmental

performance

49
Benefits of ISO 14000
• Improvements in performance with respect to environmental impact
• Higher conformance with legislative and regulatory requirements
• Minimizing the risk of regulatory and environmental liability fines
• Improving an organization's efficiency
• Reduction in waste
• Reduction in consumption of resources
• Reduction in operating costs

50
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IHS 514

SAFETY, HEALTH &

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

• Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. 161)

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

1st Imminent Danger

2nd Fatality / Catastrophe

3rd Complaints / Referrals

4th Programmed Inspections

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

• Employer Recognition – A recognized hazard can be established by evidence of actual

• Common Sense Recognition – If industry or employer recognition of the hazard cannot be

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

SCOPE OF THE OH&S MANAGEMENT

NEEDS AND ACT CHECK

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

• ISO 14001 encourages a company to continually improve its environmental

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

IHS 514 - Safety, Health & Environmental Legislation

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