EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
A function is called exponential
function if it has a constant
growth factor.
This means that for a fixed
change in , gets multiplied by a
fixed amount.
Example
Laboratory findings show that the
SARS-causing corona virus, upon
reaching maturity divides itself into
two after every hour. How many cells
of the virus will be present after 1 day
if it started just one cell?
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona
virus, upon reaching maturity divides itself into two after
every hour. How many cells of the virus will be present
after 1 day if it started just one cell.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
Example
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 4 8 16 32 64
𝒙
Equation: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐
Example
Laboratory findings show that the SARS-causing corona virus, upon
reaching maturity divides itself into two after every hour. How many
cells of the virus will be present after 1 day if it started just one cell.
𝒙
Given: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟐
𝑥=1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 24
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=(2)
¿ 24 h𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟏𝟔 ,𝟕𝟕𝟕 ,𝟐𝟏𝟔
Therefore, there are virus present after 1 day.
Exponential Function is a function
defined by
and
Example
Determine whether the given function
represented by its equation is an exponential
function or not.
𝟑𝒙
𝒚 =𝟖 𝒙
EF 𝒚 =𝟓 EF
𝟖
𝒚 =𝟐. 𝟓 𝟔𝒙
EF 𝒚= 𝒙 Not
𝒙
𝒚= 𝒙 𝟑 .𝟓
Not 𝒚 =(−𝟒) Not
SOLVING EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
An exponential equation is one variable
is an equation having a variable in the
exponent.
−𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
𝟏𝟔 = 𝟑 =𝟗
𝟔𝟒
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐
𝟐 =𝟒 𝟐𝟐 (𝟓 𝒙+𝟏 )=𝟓𝟎𝟎
The Property of Equality for
Exponential Equations
Let a, b, and c be real numbers and
Then,
if and only if b = c
LAW OF EXPONENTS
For any number a and b, and any nonzero real
numbers m and n,
v. vi.
Example 1
Solve for each exponential function.
−𝒙 𝟏 𝒙
𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
𝒂 .𝟏𝟔 = 𝒄 . 𝟑 =𝟗
𝟔𝟒
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐
𝒃.𝟐 =𝟒
Example 1
𝟏 −𝒙
𝒂 .𝟏𝟔 = −𝟐 𝒙=−𝟑
𝟔𝟒
𝟏𝟔 =𝟔𝟒 −𝒙 −𝟏 − 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑
=
−𝒙 𝟑 −𝟏
−𝟐 −𝟐
(𝟒 ¿ ¿ 𝟐) =(𝟒 ) ¿
𝟑
𝟒 −𝟐𝒙
=𝟒 −𝟑 𝒙=
𝟐
Example 1
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐
𝒃.𝟐 =𝟒 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙=𝟒+ 𝟏
𝟐𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
=(𝟐 ¿ ¿ 𝟐) 𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐
¿ −𝟒 𝒙=𝟓
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟔 𝒙 +𝟒 −𝟒𝒙 𝟓
𝟐 =𝟐 =
−𝟒 − 𝟒
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏=𝟔 𝒙+𝟒 𝟓
𝒙=−
𝟒
Example 1
𝟐
𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏
𝒄 . 𝟑 =𝟗
𝟐
𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝟑 =(𝟑 )
𝟐
𝒙 𝟒 𝒙 −𝟐
𝟑 =𝟑
𝟐
𝒙 =𝟒 𝒙 −𝟐
𝒙 𝟐 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟐=𝟎
Example 1 𝟒 ± √ 𝟏𝟔 −𝟖
𝟐 𝒙=
𝒙
𝒄 . 𝟑 =𝟗 𝟐 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟐 𝟒± √𝟖
𝒙 −𝟒 𝒙 +𝟐=𝟎 𝒙=
𝟐
−𝒃 ± √ 𝒃 − 𝟒 𝒂𝒄
𝟐 𝟒 ± √ 𝟒 ∙𝟐
𝒙= 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂 𝟐
𝟒 ± 𝟐 √𝟐
−(− 𝟒)± √ (−𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟏)(𝟐) 𝒙=
𝒙= 𝟐
𝟐(𝟏)
𝒙=𝟐 ± √ 𝟐
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
A function is called exponential
function if it has a constant
growth factor.
This means that for a fixed
change in , gets multiplied by a
fixed amount.
Exponential Function is a function
defined by
and
The Property of Equality for
Exponential Equations
Let a, b, and c be real numbers and
Then,
if and only if b = c
LAW OF EXPONENTS
For any number a and b, and any nonzero real
numbers m and n,
v. vi.
SOLVING PROBLEMS
involving
Exponential Functions and
Equations
Example 1
A town has a population of 40,000
that is increasing at the rate of 5%
each year. Approximate the
population of the town after 6 years.
Suppose that the population of a
certain town is increasing at a constant
rate every year.
• The population after years is
𝒏
𝑨=𝑷 (𝟏+ 𝒓 )
𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑨=𝑷 (𝟏− 𝒓 )𝒏
Example 1
A town has a population of 40,000 that is increasing at the
rate of 5% each year. Approximate the population of the
town after 6 years.
𝑨=𝑷 (𝟏+ 𝒓 )𝒏
¿ 𝟒𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝟏+𝟎 . 𝟎𝟓)𝟔
¿ 𝟒𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝟏 . 𝟎𝟓)𝟔
¿ 𝟓𝟑, 𝟔𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟑 Hence, the population of the
town at the end of 6 years is
o𝒓 𝟓𝟑 ,𝟔𝟎𝟒
approximately .
Example 2
A certain radioactive substance
decays half of itself every day.
Initially, there are 10 grams.
Approximately, how much substance
will be left after 8 days?
Example 2
A certain radioactive substance decays half of itself
every day. Initially, there are 10 grams. Approximately,
how much substance will be left after 8 days?
𝑷 =𝑷 (−𝒓 )𝒏
¿ 𝟏𝟎(𝟏 −𝟎 . 𝟓)𝟖
¿ 𝟏𝟎(𝟎 . 𝟓)𝟖 After 8 days only about
¿ 𝟎 .𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟎 gram of the substance will
o𝒓 𝟎.𝟎𝟒 remain.
Example 3
The predicted population of a certain
City is given by where is the number of
years after year 2015 and the
approximate value of the irrational
number e is 2.7182. Predict the
approximate population for the year
2027.
Example 3
The predicted population of a certain City is given by
where y is the number of years after year 2015 and the approximate
value of the irrational number e is 2.7182. Predict the approximate
population for the year 2027.
( 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟑 𝒚 )
𝑷 =𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒆
¿ ¿
¿ 𝟐𝟖𝟔, 𝟔𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟖
In the year 2027, the
o𝒓 𝟐𝟖𝟔 ,𝟔𝟔𝟑
approximate population of
the city will be .
Example 4
Immanuel deposits Php 10,000 in a
bank that pays 3% compound
interest annually. How much money
will he have after 11 years without
withdrawal?
COMPOUND INTEREST
( )
𝒎𝒕
𝒓
𝑨=𝑷 𝟏+
𝒎
Compounded Annually: the interest is calculated once a
year. m = 1
Compounded Semiannually: the interest is calculated every 6
months or every half of the year. m = 2
Compounded Quarterly: the interest is calculated every 3
months. m = 4
Compounded Monthly: the interest is calculated every month.
m = 12
Example 4
Immanuel deposits Php 10,000 in a bank that pays 3% compound
interest annually. How much money will he have after 11 years
without withdrawal?
( )
𝒎𝒕
𝒓
𝑨=𝑷 𝟏+
𝒎
( )
( 𝟏 ) (𝟏𝟏)
𝟎 . 𝟎𝟑
¿ 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏+
𝟏
𝟏𝟏
¿ 𝟏𝟎 , 𝟎𝟎𝟎 ( 𝟏+𝟎 .𝟎𝟑 )
After 11 years, Immanuel
¿ 𝟏𝟑, 𝟖𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 will have .
