GENERALMATHEMATICS

GRADE 11Learning Module

2ND Semester Finals

“Mathematics Skills forLife”

Student’s Full Name: ________________________________________________________

Grade: ____________________________ Strand: _________________________________
Contact Number: ___________________________________________________________

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 4 Exponential Function

For God so love the world that he gave his only begotten son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish
but have everlasting life.
John 3:16

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of exponential

functions.
Performance Standard: apply the concepts of exponential functions, to formulate and solve real-
life problems with precision and accuracy.

What I am
expected to learn

In this lesson, you will be able to:

1. distinguish exponential function, exponential equation and
2. formulate own examples of exponential functions, equations
3. identify the properties used in solving exponential equations and
4. solve exponential equations
5. define domain and range;
6. find the domain and range of a given function; and
7. represent the domain and range using the set builder and interval notation.

Lesson 4.1 Exponential Functions and Equations

Let us learn
together

An exponential function is a function involving exponential expression showing a relationship between the
independent variable x and dependent variable y or f (x).
An exponential equation is an equation involving exponential expression that can be solved for all x values
satisfying the equation.

Example
Exponential Function Exponential Equation
x+3 2x
f ( x )=2 y=10 121=11 x 3 x =9 x−2

What I
will do

Below is a list of exponential expressions. Classify each as to whether it is an exponential function,

equation, or does not belong to any of these two. Write F if the given is exponential function, E if
the given is exponential equation and N if the given does not belong to any of these two.
__________1. 36 x =6 __________6. y=5 x−1
__________2. y=5 x __________7. g ( x )=4 5 x
__________3. 64=2 x+2 __________8. f ( x )=x 3
__________4. f ( x )=2 x __________9. 7=49 x
__________5. 1 x+2 1 x __________10. f ( x )=5 x+2
2() ()=
8

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 Lesson 4.2 Solving Exponential Functions and Equations

Let us learn
together

Solving Exponential Equation

One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that in f (x)=b x, if x 1 ≠ x 2, then b x ≠ b x . Conversely, if
1 2

b x ≠ b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2. This property paves the way in understanding how to solve exponential equation.
1 2

Example.
Solve for the value of x in 4 x+1=64
Solution.
4 x+1=4 3 Express 64 as base of 4, ( 43 ), in order for both sides of the equation to have same bases.
x +1=3 One – to – one Property of Exponential Functions states that if b x ≠ b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2.
1 2

x +1−1=3−1 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x.
x=2 Combine like terms and simplify

Example.
Solve the equation 125 x−1 =25x +3
Solution.
53 ( x−1)=52 ( x+3 ) Express 125 and 25 as base of 4, ( 53 ∧52 ) respectively, in order for both sides of the
equation to have same bases.
3 ( x−1 )=2 ( x+ 3 ) One – to – one Property of Exponential Functions states that if b x 1 ≠ b x 2, then x 1 ≠ x 2.
3 x−3=2 x +6 Use Distributive Property
3 x−3−2 x=2 x +6−2 x Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x.
3 x−2 x−3+3=6+3
x=9 Combine like terms and simplify

What I
will do

Solve for the missing variable of the following exponential equations.

1. 162 x−3 =4 x+ 2 3. 4 2 x +7=322 x−3

2x 5 x−1
1 2 25
2. () 2
=23 −x 4. ()
5
=
4
1 25 2 −2
Hint: Write
2
as 2−1 Hint: Write
4
as()
5

Lesson 4.3 Domain and Range of Exponential Functions

Let us learn
together

The Domain and Range Exponential Function

For any exponential function, f (x)=b x the domain is the set of all real numbers. The range, however, is
bounded by the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f (x).

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Example.
Find the domain and range of the function y=3 x+2 .
Solution.

The function is defined for all real numbers. So, the domain of the function is a set of real
numbers. As x extends to approach positive infinity (+∞ ), the value of the function also extends to
+∞, and as 𝑥 extends to approach negative infinity (−∞), the function approaches the x-axis but
never touches it. Therefore, the range of the function is a set of real positive numbers greater than
0 or { y ∨ y ∈ R , y> 0 }.
Thus, the domain and range of the given function is given below and can be written as:
Domain Range
Set Notation Df ={ x∨x ∈ R } R f = { y ∨ y> 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞ ,+∞ ) ( 0 ,+ ∞ )

Example.
2x
1
Find the domain and range of the function y= ().
4
Solution.

As x tends to approach + ∞, the value of the function tends to approach zero, and the graph
approaches the x-axis but never touches it. As x tends to approach −∞, the function also tends to
−∞. Therefore, the range of the function is the set of real positive numbers greater than 0 or
{ y ∨ y ∈ R , y> 0 }.
Domain Range
Set Notation Df ={ x∨x ∈ R } R f = { y ∨ y> 0 }
Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
Interval Notation (−∞ ,+∞ ) ( 0 ,+ ∞ )
Let f ( x )=a∙ b x +h be an exponential function where P ( x ) is linear. Then,

Domain: D f ={ x∨x ∈ R }

R f =f ( x )= ( h ,+∞ ) ,∧if a> 0

Range:
{ (−∞, h ) ,∧if a<0

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Example.
Let f ( x )=3 x . Find the domain and range.
Solution.
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers since f (x)=3x is defined for any real number
x. It means that any value of 𝑥 from the set of real numbers can be substituted to variable 𝑥. Note
that any power of 3 is always positive. Hence, the range is (0 ,+ ∞).
Domain Range
Set Notation Df ={ x∨x ∈ R } R f = { y ∨ y> 0 }
Interval Notation (−∞ ,+∞ ) ( 0 ,+ ∞ )

Example.
Let f ( x )=4 x+1−2 . Find the domain and range.
Solution
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers, because P( x )=x+ 1 and it is linear. Also, in
the given function you may observe thata> 0(a=1∧b=2) and h=−2, hence the range of the
function is equal to (h ,+ ∞).
Domain Range
Set Notation Df ={ x∨x ∈ R } R f = { y ∨ y>−2 }
Interval Notation (−∞ ,+∞ ) (−2 ,+∞ )

Example.
x+1
1
Let f ( x )=−2 ()
2
+3. Find the domain and range.
Solution.
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers because P( x )=x−1 and it is linear. Also, in
1
the given function you may observe that a< 0(a=−2∧b= ) and ℎ=3, hence the range of the
2
function is equal to (−∞, h).
Domain Range
Set Notation Df ={ x∨x ∈ R } R f = { y ∨ y< 3 }
Interval Notation (−∞ ,+∞ ) (−∞ , 3 )
What I
will do

Complete the table of domain and range of the following exponential functions.
1. f ( x )=3 x
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation

1 x
2. f ( x )= ( 2 ) + 3
3
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation

3. g ( x )=−( 4 )2 x−3 +1

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 Domain Range
Lesson 4.4 Representing Real – life Situations Using Exponential Functions
Set Notation
Interval Notation
Let us learn
together

Population Growth.
Suppose a quantity y increases at a constant rate (common ratio) every T units of time. If y 0, then the
t
quantity y after t units of time is given by y= y ( r ) T .
0

Example.
Let t=time in days. At t=0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria double every
100 hours.
a.) Give an exponential model for the bacteria as a function of f
b.) What is the population of the bacteria after 1500 hours?
Solution.
a.) Initially, at t=0, Number of bacteria=20
t=100, Number of bacteria=40=20 ( 2 )
2
t=200, Number of bacteria=80=20 ( 2 )
t=300 Number of bacteria=160=20 ( 2 )3
t
Therefore, the exponential model (population): f ( t )=20 ( 2 ) 100
Half - life t 1500
b.) f ( t )=20 ( 2 ) 100 =20 ( 2 ) 100 =655,360
1 Tt
The half – life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for
Therefore, after 1500 hours, the population of the bacteria is 655,360. half of the substance to decay. y= y 0()
2
.

Example.
Suppose that the half – life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days and there are 10 grams
initially,
a.) Give an exponential model for the radioactive substance as a function of f
b.) Determine the amount of the substance remaining after 60 days
Solution.
a.) Let t=time∈days. We use the fact that the mass is halved every 10 days (from definition of
half – life). Thus, we have:
Initially, at t=0, Amount of substance=10 g
t=10 days, Amount of substance=5 g
t=20 days, Amount of substance=2.5 g
t=30 days Amount of substance=1.25 g
1 10t
An exponential model for this situation is f ( d )=10
2 ()
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 t 60
1 10 1 10
()
b.) f ( d )=10
Compound Interest
2 ()
=10 =0.15625
2 at an annual rate of r , compounded annually, then the amount after
If a principal P is invested t years is
Therefore,
given by A=Pthe )t .
( 1+ramount of the substance after 60 days is 0.15625g.

Example.
Mrs. Dela Cruz invested Php 100,000.00 in a company that offers 6% interest compounded
annually.
a.) Give an exponential model for the compounded interest as a function of f
b.) How much will this will this investment be worth at the end of each year for the next five
years?
Solution.
a.) Let t What
be theI time in years. Then we have:
at dot=0,
Initially, will Investment=100,000
t=1, Investment=100,000 ( 1+0.06 )=106,000
t=2, Investment=106,000 ( 1+0.06 )=112,360
t=3, Investment=112,360 ( 1+ 0.06 ) ≈119,101.60
t=4, Investment=119,101.60 (1+ 0.06 ) ≈126,247.70
An exponential model for this situation: A=100,000 ( 1+0.06 )t=100,000 ( 1.06 )t
b.) A=100,000 ( 1.06 )5=133,822.56
Therefore, after 5 years, the money will be Php 133,822.56.

Solve the following word problems.

1. You take out a Php 20,000.00 loan at a 5% interest rate. If the interest is compounded
annually:
a.) give an exponential model for the situation

b.) how much will you owe after 10 years?

2. Suppose that the half – life of a substance is 250 years. If there were initially 100 grams of the
substance:
a.) give an exponential model for the situation

b.) how much will remain after 500 years?

3. A population starts with 1000 individuals and triples every 80 years.

a.) give an exponential model for the situation

b.) what is the size of the population after 100 years?

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A.) Exponential Functions and Equations
Fill in the blanks of the following statements with the correct missing words or phrases. Select
your
answers from the test bank provided below.
1. An expression involving a rapid increase or decrease is said to be __________
________________________________.
2. The exponent of an exponential expression is a __________________________________________ showing
how fast the function increase or decrease.

3. When an exponential expression depicts a relationship between two variables, it involves

____________________________.
4. An __________________________ can be solved for all x values of those involving equations.
Exponential Equation Linear Function
Exponential Function Exponential Expression
B.) Solving Exponential Functions and Equations
Fill in the blanks of the following statements with the correct missing words or phrases. Select
your
answers from the test bank provided below.
1. ________________________ states that in f (x)=b x, if b x =b x , then x 1=x 2.
1 2

2. This property, as stated in the previous statement, applies in solving ______________________.

3. Given an exponential equation, first thing we see to it is that the bases of both sides of the
equation are ___________________.
Exponential Equation Equal
One – to – one Property
C. Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
Fill in the blanks of the following statements with the correct missing words or phrases. Select
your
answers from the test bank provided below.
1. In the function f (x)=a ∙b P ( x ) +h where P(x) is linear, the domain of the function is ____________.
(Interval Notation)
2. In the function f (x)=a ∙b P ( x ) +h where P(x) is linear, if 𝑎>0 the range of the function is
____________. (Interval Notation)
3. In the function Let us f (x)=a ∙b P ( x ) +h where P(x) is linear, if 𝑎<0 the range of the function is
____________.wind up
(Interval Notation)
( h ,+ ∞ ) (−∞ ,+∞ )
(−∞ , h )
D.) Representing Real – life Situations Using Exponential Functions
Exponential Equations and Functions
Fill in the blanks
An exponentialof the following
function is a statements with exponential
function involving the correctexpression
missing showing
words or phrases. Select
a relationship
your
between the independent variable x and dependent variable y or f (x).
answers An from the test equation
exponential bank provided below.
is an equation involving exponential expression that can be solved for all x
1. The exponential
values satisfying themodel for population is ________________.
equation.
2. The exponential model for half – life is ________________.
3. The Solving Exponential
exponential Equation
model for compound interest is ________________.
t How farProperty
One-to-one I of Exponential Functions states that tin f (x)=b x, if x 1 ≠ x 2, then b x ≠ b x .
1 2

1
T have gone
y= yConversely,
0(r )
exponential
t
if b x ≠ b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2. This property y=
1

equation.
2
() y 0 theT way in understanding how to solve
paves
2
A=P ( 1+r )
Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
Let f ( x )=a∙ b x +h be an exponential function where P ( x ) is linear. Then,

Domain: D f = { x∨x ∈ R }

( x )= ( h ,+∞ ) ,∧if a> 0

Range: R f =f
{
(−∞ , h ) ,∧if a<0

Page 8 of 10
 Population Growth.
Suppose a quantity y increases at a constant rate (common ratio) every T units of time. If y 0, then
t
the quantity y after t units of time is given by y= y ( r ) T .
0

Half - life
The half – life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to decay.
1 Tt
y= y 0 ()
2
.

Compound Interest
If a principal P is invested at an annual rate of r , compounded annually, then the amount after t years

Summative
Test

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided before each number.
Each correct answer receives 1 point.
_____1. Which of the following is an exponential function?
a. f (x)= ( 4+ x )2 c. f (x)=4 x
2
b. f (x)=4 x d. f (x)=4 x
_____2. In which of the following is 36 x =6 x+4 classified?
a. Exponential Model c. Exponential Inequality
b. Exponential Function d. Exponential Equation
_____3. Which of the following exponential function?
a. 5 x+3 <25 x c. y=12 x−1
b. 12=144 x d. 0.64 x >0.8 x+4
_____4. Which of the following is an exponential function?
a. y=11 x 2 c. j ( x )=11 x
b. f ( x )=11 x d. 11 x 2=x 11
_____5. What should be considered in solving an exponential equation with base b and
exponents x 1 and x 2?
a. If b x ≠ b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2
1 2
c. If b x ≠ b x , then x 1=x 2
1 2

b. If b x =b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2
1 2
d. If b x ≥ b x , then x 1 ≠ x 2
1 2

_____6. In solving for the value of the unknown variable in 25 x =64, what is the best thing to do
first?
a. Simplify 64 into 82 . c. Express 64 as 26.
b. Divide 64 by 2. d. Multiply 5x by 2.

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_____7. What is the value of x in 25 x =64?
a. 6/5 c. 8
b. 6 d. 32
2
_____8. What are the values of x in 8 x =22 x+1 ?
a. -1/3, -1 c. 1/3, -1
b. -1/3, 1 d. 1/3, 1
_____9. Which of the following statements is true about the function y=3 x ?
a. The range of the function is the set of c. The range of the function is the set of
all real numbers. all real numbers less than 3.
b. The domain of the function is the set d. The domain of the function is the set
of real numbers less than 3. of all real numbers.
x+ 1
For item numbers 8-9, refer to the given function f (x)=3
_____10 What is the domain of the exponential function?
.
a. {x∨x ∈ R } c. {x∨x ∈ R , x ≤ 0 }
b. {x∨x ∈ R , x ≥ 0 } d. {x∨x ∈ R , x> 0 }

_____11 What is the range of the exponential function?

.
a. { y ∨ y ∈ R } c. { y ∨ y ≤ 0 }
∨y∈ R, y≥0}
{ y apply
b.Let’s d. { y ∨ y ∈ R , y> 0 }
_____12 Given the function f (x)=5x +2
it to life
.
a. { y ∨ y ∈ R } c. { y ∨ y ∈ R , y> 0 }
b. { y ∨ y ∈ R , y> 2} Bible Teachings About Exponential ∨ y ∈ R , y< 2}
d. { yGrowth.
_____13 What do you call an expression that is of the form a ∙ b x−c + d, where a, b, c, and d are
1. Exponential Growth is Possible (Genesis 47:27)
. “So
realIsrael dwelt in
numbers the xland
and is aofvariable?
Egypt, in the country of Goshen; and they had possessions there and
grew and multiplied exceedingly.”
a. Rational
2. Exponential GrowthAlgebraic
in the New Expression
Testament (Acts 6:7) c. Exponential Expression
“The word of God spread, and the number of disciples d.
b. Mathematical Expression Logarithmic
multiplied greatly inExpression
Jerusalem, and a great
_____14manyWhatof theshould be considered
priest were obedient and in solving an exponential equation?
faith.”
. 3. Exponential Growth brings honor to God (Isaiah 26:15)
“a.Thou hast increased
Bases on both the
sidesnation,
mustO LORD,
be thethou hast increased
same. the nation:on
c. Exponents thou art glorified:
both sides must thou be the
hadst removed it far unto all the ends of the earth”
same.
4. Exponential Growth captures the attention of the unbelieving world (Exodus 1:12)
b. Bases
“But on afflicted
the more they both them, sides musttheybe
the more d. Exponents
multiplied and grew. Andon theyboth sides because
were grieved must be
simplified.
of the children of Israel” simplified.
5. Exponential
_____15 Which Growth is caused bystatement
of the following God (Deuteronomy 1:10)
is always true?
. “The LORD your GOD has multiplied you, and here you are today, as the stars of heaven in multitude.”
a. For any given x-value, the y-value of c. The domain of exponential function
y=2x is negative. y=2x is positive numbers.
b. For any given x-value, the y-value of d. The domain of exponential function
x
y=2 is all real numbers. y=2x is all real numbers.

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