MEASURES OF

DISPERSION
Prepared by:
LARRY JAY B. VALERO, LPT
Measures of Dispersion
• Identify how a set of values spreads or fluctuates
• The measures of dispersion are the
a. Range
b. Variance
c. Standard deviation
d. Coefficient of variation.
A. Range
• The simplest measure of dispersion.
• It is the difference between the highest score and lowest score
Range for Ungrouped data:
The range of a set of data is the absolute difference between the highest and the
lowest value in the set.
The range is denoted by R.
R = |HV – LV|
where:
R – Range
HV – Highest value
LV – Lowest value
Example:
• The items listed below represent the scores of seven BS Mathematics
students during the final examination. Compute the Range.
89, 75,90,85,78,87,80
R = |90 – 75| = 15

• Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 10 students and the height (in cm)
are as follows: 170, 165, 155, 160, 150, 149, 152, 161, 163, 175. Find the
Range.
R = |175 – 149| = 26
B. Variance
• Mean absolute deviation
• Consider the position of each observation relative to the mean.
• Thevariance of given data set is the average of the sum of the square
deviation of the observation from the mean.
• The variance from the population is denoted by and for the sample.
Variance for Ungrouped data:
Population Variance Sample Variance

Definitional
formula

𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 𝑖 − (∑ 𝑥 𝑖 )
2 2
Computational
2
formula 𝑠 =
𝑛(𝑛 − 1 )
 Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance.

Using the definitional formula

Using the computational formula

Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance.

Using definitional formula:

Using the computational formula:

C. Standard deviation
• Based on the deviations of all the scores in a series
• It is always computed from the mean
• defined as the positive square root of the variance
• denoted by “” for the population standard deviation and “s” for the
sample standard deviation.
• Population standard deviation

• Sample Standard deviation

 Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance and standard deviation.

----variance
Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance and standard deviation.
D. Coefficient of Variation
• The ratio of the standard deviation and the mean and is usually expressed
in percent.
• Population

• Sample
 Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n = 4

3, 2, 2, 1.

Compute the variance, standard deviation and the coefficient of variation.

----variance

-----standard deviation
Suppose BS Applied Mathematics has 6 students and the height (in cm) are as follows: 170, 166, 171, 160, 150, 161.
Compute the variance.
GROUPED DATA
 • Range

ULHC – Upper Limit of the Highest Class

LLLC – Lower Limit of the Lowest Class

• Variance

• Standard deviation

• Coefficient of Variation
Class Intervals Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22

27-35 1 31

36-44 15 40

45-53 5 49

54-62 8 58

63-71 6 67

72-80 3 76
Class Intervals Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22

27-35 1 31

36-44 15 40

45-53 5 49

54-62 8 58

63-71 6 67

72-80 3 76
Total

𝑛∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 − (∑ 𝑓
2 2
2 𝑖 𝑥𝑖)
𝑠𝐺 =
𝑛(𝑛 − 1 )
 Class Intervals 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 Relative Frequency <CF >CF

18-26 2 22 44

27-35 1 31 31

36-44 15 40 600

45-53 5 49 245

54-62 8 58 464

63-71 6 67 402

72-80 3 76 228

∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014
Total 40

𝑛∑ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑖 − (∑ 𝑓
2 2
𝑖 𝑖 𝑥𝑖)
𝑛(𝑛 − 1 )
 Class Intervals 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖2
18-26 2 22 44 484 968

27-35 1 31 31 961 961

36-44 15 40 600 1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245 2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464 3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402 4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228 5776 17328

∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014 ∑ 𝑓 𝑥 =109,108
2
Total 40
𝑖 𝑖
𝑛 ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 −( ∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖 )
2 2 2
40 ( 109,108 ) − ( 2014 )
𝑠 𝐺 2= ¿ ¿ 197.52
𝑛(𝑛 −1) 40(40−1)
 Class Intervals 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖2
18-26 2 22 44 484 968

27-35 1 31 31 961 961

36-44 15 40 600 1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245 2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464 3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402 4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228 5776 17328

∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖=2014 ∑ 𝑓 𝑥 =109,108
2
Total 40

𝑠 𝐺 2= 197.52 𝑖 𝑖
𝑠 𝐺 =√ 𝑠 𝐺2
 Class Intervals 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2 𝑓 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖2
18-26 2 22 44 484 968

27-35 1 31 31 961 961

36-44 15 40 600 1600 24000

45-53 5 49 245 2401 12005

54-62 8 58 464 3364 26912

63-71 6 67 402 4489 26934

72-80 3 76 228 5776 17328

∑ 𝑓 𝑖∑𝑥𝑖=2014 ∑ 𝑓 𝑥 =109,108
2
Total 40
𝑠𝐺
2
𝑠 𝐺 = 197.52 CV =
𝑥𝐺
𝑥 100 𝑖 𝑖
𝑓 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 2014
𝑠 𝐺 =14.05 𝑥 𝐺= ¿ ¿ 50.35
14.05 𝑛 40
¿ 𝑥100
50.35
¿27.90%
Measures of Relative
Position
• Measures of position identifies the rank or position occupied by a data from an array of data collected
• Three measures of relative position

a. Percentiles

b. Deciles

c. Quartiles
A. Percentiles
• Are values that divide a set of observations into 100 equal parts
• These values denoted by
Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

𝑃 50=7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

𝑃 2 0=4
This means that 20% of the values fall below 4.

𝑃 82=9
This means that 82% of the values fall below 9.
B. Deciles
• Are values that divide a set of observations into 10 equal parts
• These values denoted by
• D
Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

𝐷5 =7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

𝐷9 =10
This means that 90% of the values fall below 10.

This means that 10% of the values1fall below 3.

𝐷 =3
C. Quartiles
• Are values that divide a set of observations into 4 equal parts
• These values denoted by
• Q
Example:
• Given a random sample of size, n=12
• 4 7 8 2 7 5 8 9 10 14 3 4

Find the values of . Interpret the values.

2 3 4 4 5 7 7 8 8 9 10 14

𝑄1=4
This means that 25% of the values fall below 4.

𝑄2 =7
This means that 50% of the values fall below 7.

This means that 75% of the values

3 𝑄 =8
fall below 8.
𝑃 50 = 𝐷 5 =𝑄 2
Thank you for Listening! 