MORE

PROBLEM
SOLVING
BY: ENGR. JESSICA VELASCO, MSECE
 EXAMPLE NO. 1
A process yields 10% defective items. If 100 items are
randomly selected from the process, what is the
probability that the number of defectives
a.Exceeds 13?
b.Is less than 8?
c.Exactly 15
 EXAMPLE NO. 2
A company receives a large shipment of bolts. The bolts will be used in an application that requires a
torque of 100 J. Before the shipment is accepted, a quality engineer will sample 12 bolts and measure
the torque needed to break each of them. The shipment will be accepted if the engineer concludes that
fewer than 1% of the bolts in the shipment have a breaking torque of less than 100 J.
a. If the 12 values are 107, 109, 111, 113, 113, 114, 114, 115, 117, 119, 122 and 124, compute the
mean and standard deviation.
b. Assume the 12 values are sampled from a normal population and assume that the sample mean
and standard deviation calculated in part (a) are actually the population mean and standard
deviation. Compute the proportion of bolts whose breaking torque is less than 100 J. Will the
shipment be accepted?
c. What if the values had been 108, 110, 112, 114, 114, 115, 115, 116, 118, 120, 123, 140? Use the
methods outlined in part (a) and (b) to determine whether the shipment would have been accepted.
d. Compare the sets of 12 values in part (a) and (c). In which samples are the bolts stronger?
 EXAMPLE NO. 3
The amount of warpage in a type of wafer used in the
manufacture of integrated circuits has mean 1.3 mm and
standard deviation of 0.1 mm. A random sample of 200 wafers is
drawn.
A.What is the probability that the sample mean warpage
exceeds 1.305 mm?
B.How many wafers must be sampled that the sample mean
exceeds 1.305?
 EXAMPLE NO. 4
If 20% of the residents in a US city prefer a white
telephone over any other color available, what is the
probability that among the next 1000 telephones
installed in that city
a.Between 170 and 185 inclusive will be white?
b.At least 210 but not more than 225 will be white?
 EXAMPLE NO. 5
At a certain airport 72% of the flights arrive on time. A sample
of 20 flights is studied.
a.Find the probability that all 20 of the flights were on time.
b.Find the probability that exactly 18 of the flights were on
time.
c.Find the probability that 18 or more of the flights were on
time.
 
 EXAMPLE NO. 6
Intelligent quotients (IQ’s) measured on the Stanford
Revision of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale are
known to be normally distributed with a mean of 100 and
a standard deviation of 16.
a. Obtain the percentage of people having IQ’s between
115 and 140.
b. Obtain the 90th percentile for IQ’s
 EXAMPLE NO. 7
The probability is 0.80 that a person age 20 will be alive
at 65. Suppose 500 people age 20 are selected at
random. Determine the probability that
a.Exactly 390 of them will be alive at age 65.
b.Between 375 and 425 of them, inclusive, will be alive
at age 65.
 
 EXAMPLE NO. 8
THE TELEVISION PICTURE TUBES OF MANUFACTURER A HAVE A MEAN LIFETIME OF 6.5 YEARS
AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 0.9 YEAR, WHILE THOSE OF MANUFACTURER B HAVE A MEAN
LIFETIME OF 6.0 YEARS AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 0.8 YEAR. WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY
THAT A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 36 TUBES FROM MANUFACTURER A WILL HAVE A MEAN LIFETIME
THAT IS AT LEAST 1 YEAR MORE THAN THE MEAN LIFETIME OF A SAMPLE OF 49 TUBES FROM
MANUFACTURER B? 
 EXAMPLE NO. 9
A RANDOM SAMPLE OF SIZE 25 IS TAKEN FROM A NORMAL POPULATION
HAVING A MEAN OF 80 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 5. A SECOND RANDOM
SAMPLE OF SIZE 36 IS TAKEN FROM A DIFFERENT NORMAL POPULATION
HAVING A MEAN OF 75 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3. FIND THE
PROBABILITY THAT THE SAMPLE MEAN COMPUTED FROM THE 25
MEASUREMENTS WILL EXCEED THE SAMPLE MEAN COMPUTED FROM THE 36
MEASUREMENTS BY AT LEAST 3.4 BUT LESS THAN 5.9. ASSUME THE
DIFFERENCE OF THE MEANS TO BE MEASURED TO THE NEAREST TENTH. 
 EXAMPLE NO. 10
THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL X IN 14-YEAR-OLD BOYS HAS APPROXIMATELY A
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION WITH MEAN 170 AND STANDARD DEVIATION 30.
FIND THE PROBABILITY THAT THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL OF A RANDOMLY
CHOSEN 14-YEAR-OLD BOY EXCEEDS 230.
 EXAMPLE NO. 11
Annual surveys are performed by the US Bureau of the census to
obtain estimates of the percentage of the voting population that has
registered to vote. The information from those surveys is published in
Current Population Reports. Independent samples were taken of 400
employed people and 450 unemployed people. It was found out that
262 employed people and 224 unemployed people had registered to
vote. Is the difference exists between the percentages of the employed
and unemployed workers who have registered to vote?