Experiment No.

3
Heat Reactions

I. Introduction

Many people may think the heat flow between reactions is unimportant, however when it
is used in more complicated scenarios, engineering repercussions occur. This heat flow at
constant pressure is equivalent to the enthalpy change process. When the system absorbs heat
during this process, it is considered to be endothermic; however, when the system releases heat,
the process is said to be exothermic. Calorimetry is the measuring of this heat flux. The
apparatuses used to carry out this procedure are referred to as calorimeters, where the heat flow is
separated and no additional heat from the environment or the universe is added. One of these
calorimeters is the "coffee cup calorimeter," which is constructed using a styrofoam cup that
works best for mixing chemical solutions to insulate them. Calculating the heat of reaction
between Zn and copper sulfate is a classic experiment done with a coffee cup calorimeter. A
specified quantity of Zn dust is placed in the styrofoam cup, to which a copper sulfate solution is
poured, mixed in, and the outcome is a colorless solution.

II. Procedure

1. Weigh a clean, dry Styrofoam cup.

2. Place 4 grams of Zinc into the Styrofoam cup, then weigh it again.
3. Weigh the cup containing the Zinc dust.
4. Measure 100 mL of 1M copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution. Determine its initial
temperature, T1.
5. Pour the solution to the Styrofoam cup containing the Zn dust. Stir it until the system
reacts completely (the solution has become colorless).
6. Determine the maximum temperature, T2, the solution has reached.
7. Weigh the cup containing the mixture.
8. Evaluate the heat of reaction using the formula shown below:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 ∆𝑇
∆𝐻 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑍𝑛
9. Repeat steps 1 to 7 for trial 2

1. Weigh a clean, dry styrofoam cup.

2. Place 4 grams of Zinc into the styrofoam cup, then weigh it again.
3. Weigh the cup containing the Zinc dust.
4. Measure 100 mL of 1M copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution. Determine its initial
temperature, T1.
 5. Pour the solution into the styrofoam cup containing the Zn dust. Stir it until the
system reacts completely (the solution has become colorless).
6. Determine the maximum temperature, T2, the solution has reached.
7. Weigh the cup containing the mixture.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 ∆𝑇
8. Evaluate the heat of reaction using this formula: ∆𝐻 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑍𝑛
9. Repeat procedures 1 to 8 for trial 2.

III. Materials/Instrument/Chemicals Used

Styrofoam cup Triple Beam Balance Graduated Cylinder

Stirring rod Spatula Zn dust

1M CuSO4 Thermometer
 IV. Results and Observations

The table below shows the data that was gathered by watching the informative video that was
given. The data was divided into two which is Trial 1 and Trial 2. The change in temperature and
heat of reaction was also shown below.

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2

Mass of Styrofoam cup 1.9g 1.9g

Mass of cup +Zn dust 5.9g 6g

Mass of Zn used 4g 4.1

Mole of Zn used* 0.06118 mol 0.06271 mol

Mass of cup + mixture 11.7g 112.1g

Mass of mixture 109.8g 110.2g

Initial Temperature T 1 32 °c 32 °c

Final Temperature T 2 51 °c 48°c

Change in Temperature, ΔT 19 °c 16°c

Specific heat of mixture, Cp** 4.184 J/g°c 4.184 J/g°c

Heat of Reaction, ΔH 142, 671.8012 J/mol 117, 640.3891 J/mol

Table 1.1: Results.

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2

Mole of Zn used: Mole of Zn used:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
4𝑔 4.1𝑔
= 65.38 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 65.38 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

mole of Zn = 0.06118 mol mole of Zn = 0.06271 mol

 Change in Temperature, ΔT Change in Temperature, ΔT

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑔) 𝑥 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝑐 𝑥 Δ𝑇 (°𝑐) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝑔) 𝑥 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝑐 𝑥 Δ𝑇 (°𝑐)
ΔH = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑍𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
ΔH = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑍𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
(109.8𝑔) ( 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝑐) (19°𝑐) (110.2𝑔) ( 4.184 𝐽/𝑔°𝑐) (16°𝑐)
= 0.06118 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.06271 𝑚𝑜𝑙

8728.6608 𝐽 7377.2288 𝐽
= 0.06118 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 0.06271 𝑚𝑜𝑙
ΔH = 14, 2671.8012 J/mol ΔH = 117, 640.3891 J/mol

Table 1.2: Computations.

V. Discussion

In experiment 3 we do an experiment about heat of reaction where we need to evaluate

the heat of reaction of a given chemical system using the following: Styrofoam cup, triple beam
balance, graduated cylinder, thermometer, stirring rod, spatula Zn dust, 1M CuSO4.

In the first trial in the experiment we can see that the mass is 109.8g and the temperature changes
from the initial temperature of 32°C to final temperature of 51°C. The change in temperature is at
19°C and the heat of reaction is 142, 671. 8012 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙. And the reaction is endothermic.

In the second trial in the experiment we can see that the mass is 110.2g and the temperature
changes from the initial temperature of 32°C to final temperature of 48°C. The change in
temperature is 16°C and the heat of reaction is 117, 640. 3891 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙. And the reaction is
endothermic.

We can see if we compare the first trial and second trial we can say that the first trial has more
heat than the second also based on the data the second trial is heavier than the first.

VI. Conclusion

According to the findings that is shown in our experiment no.3, the results of the mass of
Styrofoam in our trial 1 is 1.9g same as the result in trial 2. the values of mass of cup+ Zn in trial
2 are higher than the values in trial 1 with a result of 5.9g and 6g. For mass of Zn used in trial 1
and trial 2 they have a results of 4g and 4.1g, they have a 0.1g difference. For the mole of Zn
used in trial 1 it has a result of 0.06118 mol and in trial 2 it has a result of 0.06271 mol, they are
obtained using the formula of moles. In the mass of cup+ mixture trial 1 has a result of 111.7 g
and trial 2 has a result of 112.1 g. For the mass of mixture trial 1 has a lower value of 109.8g
than trial 2 with a value of 110.2g. The results in initial temperature , trial 1 and trial 2 has a
same result of 32°c . In the final temperature trial 1 is higher than trial 2 with a result of 51°c and
48°c. The result in change in temperature is obtained using the formula of ∆T= T1-T2 and has a
result of 19°c and 16°c. Specific heat of mixture in trial 1 and trial 2 is 4.184J/g°c. For the results
in heat of reaction it is obtained by using the formula of. The data that we use in our computation
is based on the triple beam balance.

The chemical reaction involves transfer of heat energy because its result can be an exothermic or
endothermic reaction in our experiment no.3 the reaction is endothermic. In the data that is
shown in our computation, the oxidation reaction is zinc because it is the one who gives off heat
while the copper is the reduction reaction because it is the one who receives the heat. Based on
the delta H result (4.184J/g*c) the specific heat of mixture in trial 1 and 2 is an endothermic
reaction because it is positive or the one that receives the heat.