Don M.

Iso
Kynette Rija B. Langi
 INTRODUCTION

Banana (Musa) leaf cellulose, as the fiber source for the paper we
will be testing. The study aims to promote sustainability and
convenience by reusing unwanted waste to create new and
valuable products such as paper.
 
 INTRODUCTION
One factor that significantly alters the printing quality is the
paper's surface structure. Two techniques may be used to control
surface structure: coating and sizing. Gaps are filled during the
paper making procedure, which involves applying a surface-coating
to the surface of the paper.
 INTRODUCTION
In this study researchers intend to use milkfish scale use as paper
filling material as alternative for talcum powder. Because of the
brightness of fish scales, this could be used in paper coatings. In
addition to collagen, fish scales contain inorganic substances such as
calcium carbonate. This improves its suitability as a filling material.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY

The significance of this study is To reduce health risks in paper making

and to use a safer, sustainable, environmental friendly raw material.
Although Talcum is an effective filler, it is practical to use a safer
alternative because of its inhalation toxicity, which may cause
respiratory health problems. To support the sustainability and
environmental friendly, banana leaf is utilize to make a cellulosic
paper.
 SCIENTIFIC BASIS
• Fish scales are a brilliant material with a collagenous structure that is
naturally available. Because of the brightness of fish scales, it has been
suggested that they could be employed in paper coatings. Fish scales
contain inorganic elements such as calcium carbonate in addition to
collagen. This improves its suitability as a filler material. When
determining the brightness of a coated filler substance. (Ural and
Kandirmaz., 2017).

• Banana leaves contain a lot of fiber. This fiber is high alpha-cellulose

and lignin concentrations making it appropriate for use in the
production of paper. These fibers are strong and have great tensile
strength.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Preparing the talcum
Materials powder, milkfish scales
and banana leaves' Production of
Gathering cellulose for the
the paper
production of cellulosic
paper

testing of the
Cellulosic Paper Made
From Banana Leaves
Data Analysis and the effectiveness
of using milkfish scale
in replacement of talc
in paper filling.
 OBJECTIVES
 Specific Objectives
 General Objective
  - To collect raw materials that are necessary; Milkfish scales from the

- The researchers aim to study the public market and to make a Banana leaf-based paper with Talcum

effectiveness of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) (magnesium silicate) as a filler.

Scales as an Alternative for Talc in Banana

(Musa acuminate) leaf-Based Cellulosic paper - To make paper using Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) scales as an

Filling Material alternative filler of Talc in a Banana leaf-based paper. 

  - To study and evaluate the effects of the milkfish (Chanos Chanos)

scales to the paper. As well as test the penetration ability, bulkiness,
brightness and texture of the paper.

- Compare the efficacy of Talcum and Milkfish scales as a paper-filling

material.
 METHODOLOGY:

This chapter describes the general methods the

researchers will use throughout this research. It is
organized through the following sections: materials,
procedure, methods, and research design.
 MATERIALS

The materials that will be used in this study will be Milkfish scales, Talcum
powder, Banana Leaves, starch, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), Clorox
(sodium hypochlorite), carboxymethyl cellulose, liquid nitrogen, gloves, basin,
casserole, pair of scissors, blender, strainer, cloth, paper making mold frame
screen, goggles, chemical-resistant apron or lab coat, and paper quality tester
machine.
 PROCEDURE

• Pulping procedure
• Bleaching procedure
• Paper forming
• paper filler production
 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

In this study, the researchers intend to apply an experimental

research method to gather data regarding the effectiveness of
Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Scales as an Alternative for Talc in
Banana (Musa) leaf-Based Cellulosic paper Filling Material by
testing the paper using a paper quality tester apparatus.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

The experimental research design is used by the researchers in

this study to determine the acceptability of milkfish scales as a
filler for cellulosic paper made from banana leaves. This paper’s
research design is innovative since it will use a new raw material
to make cellulosic paper.
 EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND
POTENTIAL IMPACT

The researchers expect the material to be effective. Milkfish scales could potentially
replace Talcum as a paper filler in banana leaf-based cellulosic paper. Based on the
stated components of the materials and ingredients used in the production of the paper.
This material may be one of the less expensive and less toxic alternative to talc. Because
it is safe for human contact, it is also a better option for individuals who are concerned
about the toxicity of talc. Not only that, but using these materials will allow waste to be
recycled while also maki ng the coating material used on the paper surface more natural.
Hence, using fish scales is crucial in several ways. Furthermore, it was planned that the
use of fish scales would improve paper quality.
 WORKPLAN AND
TARGET DELIVERABLES
  Target Activity Topic

1 Collection of materials Preparation before the study

needed commence
2 Collection of Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) scales from preparation of Milkfish scales and Banana leaves.
Catbalogan wet market, Banana Leaves from
Paranas, Samar.

3 The making of the banana leaf-based cellulosic paper Production of the cellulosic paper

4 Testing the efficacy of paper filling materials Paper testing using equipment

5 Recording the data and analyzing of results from the Data Analysis
effects of the paper filling materials
 
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